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Fruitful Living

Role and contribution of women in Islam (Part 1)

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In the Name of Allah, the Most Gra­cious, the Most Merciful

We begin in the name of Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, sending endless praises upon Him, and invoking peace and blessings upon His noble Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), his family, and his compan­ions.

Introduction

Throughout human history, women have often suffered marginalisation and discrimination. In some societies, they were denied property rights, inheritance, and education, while others reduced them to mere objects of ownership (Engineer, 2008). Unfor­tunately, these misconceptions have carried into modern times, with many still perceiving Islam as an oppressive religion for women.

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In truth, Islam came to restore women’s dignity, ensuring their legal, economic, and social rights. The Qur’an and the Prophet Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) teachings posi­tioned women as equal spiritual beings and essential contributors to family and society (Barlas, 2019).

Women Before Islam

Pre-Islamic Arabia, known as the Jahiliyyah era, was marked by pro­found injustices against women. The birth of a daughter was often consid­ered a source of shame, leading to the horrific practice of female infanti­cide. The Qur’an strongly condemned this crime: “And when the girl [who was] buried alive is asked, for what sin she was killed” (Qur’an 81:8–9). Beyond this, women were regarded as part of a man’s inheritance, trans­ferred like property to male relatives upon a husband’s death. They had no recognised rights to inheritance, education, or social participation, and were excluded from leadership and decision-making roles (Stowasser, 1996). This oppressive environment highlights the transformative nature of Islam, which elevated women’s status by granting them dignity, rights, and responsibilities.

How Islam liberated and empowered women

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With the advent of Islam, a radical transformation occurred in the condition of women. The Qur’an firmly established spiritual equality between men and women, affirm­ing: “Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and believing women, the obedient men and obedient women… Allah has prepared for them forgiveness and a great reward.” (Qur’an 33:35). This verse placed women as equal participants in faith, worship, and accountability before Allah.

Islam also granted women rights that were unprecedented at the time. These included:

  1. Inheritance: “For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share… a legal share.” (Qur’an 4:7).
  2. Consent in marriage: “O you who believe, it is not lawful for you to inherit women against their will…” (Qur’an 4:19).
  3. Independent economic rights: “For men is a share of what they earn, and for women is a share of what they earn.” (Qur’an 4:32).

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) reinforced this vision by declaring: “Seeking knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim, male and female.” (Ibn Majah, Hadith 224). By institutionalising these rights, Islam recognised women’s agency in family, society, and the marketplace centu­ries before modern feminist discourse (Mernissi, 1991).

By Imam Alhaji Saeed Abdulai, the Author


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    Fruitful Living

    Sanitation, Hygiene, and the Morality of Public Space: Reclaiming Ghana’s Civic Virtue through Faith and Policy (Final Part)

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    A. The Role of Religious Leaders and Counsellors

    Religious leaders wield immense influence in shaping public values. Every mosque, church, and shrine should integrate environmental stewardship into its doctrine. Islam views the earth as a masjid—a place of prostration (Sahih Bukhari, 335). Polluting it is akin to defiling a sacred space. Monthly khutbahs should focus on amanah and tahārah, connecting spiritual purity to environmental discipline.

    As a counsellor, I affirm that behavioural reform requires both moral teaching and psychological reinforcement. When believers internalise that cleaning a drain is an act of ʿibādah (worship), they transform routine labour into sacred service. The Prophet (peace be upon him) taught: “Removing harmful things from the path is a branch of faith.” (Sahih Muslim, 35). This hadith perfectly captures the theology of civic virtue.


    B. Individual and Community Pledge

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    Moral renewal begins with personal accountability. Every household must adopt responsible waste practices—segregating recyclables, composting, and cooperating with collection services. Citizens must also exercise al-amr bi-l-maʿrūf wan-nahy ʿani-l-munkar (enjoining good and forbidding evil) by correcting neighbours who litter or misuse public spaces, with gentleness and wisdom (Qur’an 16:125).

    Communities should establish local sanitation committees under mosque and church leadership, creating faith-driven accountability structures. Supporting local enforcement, rather than resisting it, must be seen as a contribution to maslahah—the public interest that the Sharia seeks to protect.

    This collective moral reawakening must integrate faith, governance, and citizenship into one moral project: cleanliness as worship, sanitation as patriotism.


    C. Conclusion: Cleanliness, Dignity, and the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah

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    Ghana’s destiny as a great nation is inseparable from the cleanliness of its environment and the conscience of its citizens. The choked gutters, polluted rivers, and scattered waste are not only environmental failures but spiritual wounds upon our collective soul. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Allah is pure and accepts only what is pure.” (Sahih Muslim, 1015). A nation that aspires to divine favour must first reflect divine purity in its public spaces.

    To achieve this, we must view sanitation through the lens of the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah—the higher objectives of Islamic law—which aim to preserve life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), faith (ḥifẓ al-dīn), intellect (ḥifẓ al-ʿaql), wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl), and posterity (ḥifẓ al-nasl). Clean environments are essential for all five objectives:

    • Preservation of Life (ḥifẓ al-nafs): Proper sanitation prevents disease and death. Protecting human health is a divine imperative. Allah says, “And do not throw yourselves with your own hands into destruction.” (Qur’an 2:195).
    • Preservation of Faith (ḥifẓ al-dīn): Islam equates purity with faith. An unclean environment obstructs worship and spiritual growth, violating the believer’s covenant of cleanliness.
    • Preservation of Intellect (ḥifẓ al-ʿaql): Healthy surroundings promote clarity of thought, while pollution and disease diminish cognitive vitality and learning.
    • Preservation of Wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl): Waste management safeguards public funds, prevents costly health crises, and preserves natural resources.
    • Preservation of Posterity (ḥifẓ al-nasl): Environmental care ensures a habitable planet for future generations, fulfilling our amanah to the unborn.

    By aligning sanitation with these higher objectives, we transform a civic duty into a sacred mission. Achieving the Maqāṣid requires cooperation between policy and piety—laws enforced justly, education grounded in values, and citizens inspired by faith.

    Let every believer remember that a clean street is a silent dhikr (remembrance of Allah), a purified drain is a fulfilled amanah, and a healthy neighbour is a protected trust. When our gutters run clear and our air smells fresh, it will signify not merely progress but piety—proof that Ghana has reclaimed its moral and civic virtue under the gaze of the Almighty Allah.

    Thank you.

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    • By Imam Alhaji SaeedBAbdulai, the Author

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    Fruitful Living

    Being a Channel of Truth and Hope (Part III – Final)

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    B. Instead, walk in righteousness and true holiness … (20–24)

    1. This is how you learned Christ

    • As you heard Him and were taught by Him (through His apostles, of course – Matt. 28:19-20)
    • In Whom is the truth – John 8:31; 14:6

    2. For you were taught to “put off” the “old man”

    • That is, your “former conduct,” how you behaved before you were saved – Col. 3:5-9
    • Putting off the old man is needed because it is never content, but grows corrupt according to the deceitful lusts (like addictive drugs, you always need more).

    3. And to “be renewed in the spirit of your mind”

    • Which is the key to true “transformation” – Rom. 12:1-2
    • You “renew your mind” only as you “set your mind on things above” – Col. 3:1-2

    4. And to “put on the new man”

    • A new man “which was created according to God” – Col. 3:10
    • A new man, “in righteousness and true holiness” – Col. 3:12-17

    In giving the admonition “No longer walk as the rest of the Gentiles,” Paul has made it clear that it involves both a “putting off” and a “putting on.” That is, our “Walking in Truth and Holiness” is not just a bunch of “Thou Shalt Not’s,” there are also some “Thou Shalt’s.”

    To illustrate further the difference between the “old man” (how the rest of the Gentiles walk) and the “new man” (how Christians are to walk), we find Paul making…


    II. The Application – (25–32)

    Case in point: lying (25)

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    • The “old man” thinks nothing of lying
    • The “new man” puts away lying, and in its place speaks truth with his neighbor (especially to those who are members of the same body)

    Case in point: anger (26–27)

    • The “old man” gets angry and lets it linger, or get out of control
    • The “new man” may get angry, but does not…
      • Let it linger (“do not let the sun go down on your wrath”)
      • Allow it to prompt sinful behavior (“nor give place to the devil”)

    Case in point: stealing (28)

    • The “old man” is willing to steal
    • The “new man” not only stops stealing, but works so he can help others in need!

    Case in point: corrupt communication (29)

    • The “old man” doesn’t worry or care what comes out of his mouth
    • The “new man” not only avoids “corrupt communication,” but seeks to speak that which is uplifting to those who hear

    Summary (30–32)
    Why be concerned about putting off the “old man” and putting on the “new man?”

    When Christians act like the “old man,” it grieves the Holy Spirit. By the Holy Spirit we were sealed for the day of redemption – Eph. 1:13-14.

    Therefore, we ought to put away those things befitting the “old man” (bitterness, wrath, anger, clamor, evil speaking, malice). And in its place, we need to put on those things befitting the “new man” (being kind, tenderhearted, forgiving one another just as God forgives us in Christ).


    Conclusion

    What a contrast there would be if all those in the church truly carried out the admonition to “Walk in Truth and Holiness!” The church would stand out like “a city that is set on a hill” – Matt. 5:14-16.

    And the world, though it now has “their understanding darkened,” would be more likely to come to see the truth that is in Jesus. But what hope is there if the church is more like the world than the “holy temple” it is to be?

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    Brethren, are we “grieving the Holy Spirit of God?” – Ephesians 4:30. While the increasing worldliness in our society naturally concerns us, let us be careful not to react with attitudes that reveal our old characteristic when we were in the world.

    BY Rev. Dr Joyce Aryee,
    the author

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