Gender
Trained but jobless …the human cost of Ghana’s skills mismatch
ALONG the busy corridors of the George Walker Bush highway, in Accra, 26-year old Nana Akua Afriyie arranges her beautiful sewn African print dresses on mannequins in front of her shop, hoping to attract buyers.
She trained in fashion design at a Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) school in the Ashanti Region and graduated with high expectations. But three years on, she admits the journey has been tough.
“Everywhere I go, they tell me the same thing -they already have enough fashion designers,” Akua said with a wry smile.
“I wish I had studied something like agro-processing or Information Communication Technology (ICT), because that is where the jobs seem to be.”
Her story is not unique. Across Ghana, TVET graduates are struggling to find work, even as employers complain about difficulties in hiring people with the right skills.
This paradox lies at the heart of a new study commissioned by United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Ghana in partnership with the Government of Ghana, which has revealed deep structural gaps in the TVET system.
Oversupply and
shortages
The study, conducted across 57 pre-tertiary public and private TVET institutions, found a sharp mismatch between the skills offered in schools and the skills demanded on the labour market.
Only one out of the 57 schools offers training in agriculture which is a dominant driver of Ghana economy. This is despite employers reporting a rising need for skilled workers in agro-processing and agricultural technology.
The situation in ICT is only slightly better. Although the digital economy is growing rapidly, just four TVET institutions provide ICT-related training.
By contrast, trades like fashion design and garment-making are oversupplied. Almost every TVET institution offers them, leading to a glut of graduates competing in a saturated field.
Kwame Bediako, who runs a medium-sized agro-processing company in Ejisu, says the imbalance is hurting businesses. “We need young people who understand modern farming, post-harvest handling, and agro-processing.
But the schools are not training them. Instead, every year, we see hundreds of fashion and hairdressing graduates with no jobs waiting for them,” he told this paper.
Employment gap
Beyond the mismatch of trades, the study also uncovered a “perception gap” between employers and graduates.
Employers surveyed consistently reported that TVET graduates lacked adequate practical exposure and soft skills such as teamwork, communication, and problem-solving. Yet when students were interviewed, many expressed confidence in their preparedness for the job market.
“It’s like we are speaking two different languages,” said a construction contractor in Kumasi who took part in the survey.
“We advertise for masons or welders, and applicants come with certificates but cannot deliver basic tasks on-site. Meanwhile, they believe they are fully qualified. It is frustrating for everyone.”
This gap highlights a deeper issue: the way TVET outcomes are measured.
While many institutions prioritise exams and certification, employers value real-world performance, adaptability, and reliability – qualities directly tied to the targets of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) eight which seeks to achieve decent work and economic growth.
Infrastructure
under strain
The introduction of free TVET education in Ghana has been hailed as a bold step to expand access and empower more young people with employable skills. But the surge in enrollment has placed immense pressure on schools.
Workshops, classrooms, and training equipment are overstretched, making it difficult for instructors to deliver effective Competency-Based Training (CBT) – a method designed to give students practical, hands-on skills.
At one TVET school visited during the study, a single welding machine was being shared by more than 30 students, drastically limiting practice time.
“We are trying, but the resources are just not enough,” admitted an instructor who asked not to be named.
Interestingly, the study noted that private TVET institutions recorded higher CBT accreditation levels than their public counterparts, but both sectors face similar challenges of inadequate infrastructure and outdated equipment – a challenge that reflects the urgency of SDG nine: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
Ghana’s demographic
dividend at risk
With a youthful population, Ghana is one of several African countries projected to benefit from a demographic dividend – the economic growth that can result when a large share of the population is of working age.
But UNICEF warns that this opportunity may slip away if young people are not adequately prepared for the job market. High unemployment, job insecurity, and limited opportunities are already major concerns.
“TVET is a powerful pathway to equip young people with relevant skills,” the report stated. “But unless curricula, training, and infrastructure are aligned with industry needs, Ghana risks losing the benefits of its demographic advantage – and missing its commitments under SDG four: Quality Education.”
Workplace experience:
A partial fix
One of the ways schools have tried to bridge the skills gap is through Workplace Experience Learning (WEL) – placing students in companies for internships or apprenticeships.
While many employers support this, some expressed concerns about the risks involved. “It is costly to supervise students who come for training, and sometimes they slow down productivity,” said an ICT firm manager in Kumasi. “But we do it because we know the system needs it.”
Recommendations
and the way forward
The study made several recommendations to address the skills mismatch. Its suggested curriculum alignment. It called on schools to update curricula to reflect the skills industries need, especially in agriculture, ICT, and construction.
Also UNICEF urged schools to inculcate soft skills in TVET training, infrastructure investment and build stronger partnerships.
UNICEF called for a collective effort involving government, private sector, development partners, and communities to ensure that TVET fulfils its role as a driver of sustainable economic growth.
For Akua, the fashion graduate, the lack of opportunities has been discouraging. Yet she remains hopeful. “If I had the chance to retrain in ICT or food processing, I would do it. I don’t want to just sit at home,” she said.
Her words echo the aspirations of thousands of Ghanaian youth – ambitious, energetic, and eager to contribute, but often trapped by systemic shortcomings in education and training.
By Esinam Jemima Kuatsinu
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For many young women who gathered at last week’s military recruitment exercise, the day was supposed to mark the beginning of a long-awaited dream built on discipline, sacrifice, and the quiet determination to prove that women too can serve, protect, and rise through the ranks of the Ghana Armed Forces. But that dream was shattered when tragedy struck.
Among the crowd were young women who had travelled from distant towns, some clutching envelopes of documents, others holding on to borrowed hope and borrowed money. Many had always believed that the Ghana Armed Forces was one of the few institutions that did not discriminate against their gender. They joined thousands of hopefuls, standing shoulder-to-shoulder under the burning sun, anticipation tightening their chests.
Yet, for six of these young women, the day ended in the unthinkable. They lost their lives in the stampede at El-Wak Sports Stadium, a devastating blow to families, friends, and the nation. Their deaths have left a permanent scar on the dreams they carried and on the community that watched helplessly as hope collided with chaos.
Women caught in the chaos later recounted how panic surged through the crowd. Some were pushed off balance, others struggled to breathe, and a few held on desperately to friends so they would not be swallowed by the moving wave of bodies. Their voices trembled not only from shock but from the fear they had long carried within—the fear of being unseen, unheard, and unprotected.
Unlike their male counterparts, who often approach recruitment with the boldness society readily grants them, many women arrive at such exercises already battling stereotypes. They must first win the silent argument that they belong there. The tragedy, therefore, did not only claim lives and injuries; it magnified the fears women carry even before they step through the recruitment gates.
For some, the military represented their only escape from unemployment and the frustrations of being a young woman seeking stable work in Ghana. That is why they endured the heat, the long queues, and the packed grounds because the uniform symbolized fairness, dignity, and a chance to rewrite their stories.
As families mourn and survivors nurse their wounds, one truth stands out: women’s aspirations must be protected with the same seriousness afforded their male peers. Their courage to defy gender norms should be met with proper safety measures, clear organisation, and a recruitment environment that does not put them at unnecessary risk.
The tragedy has reminded the nation that behind every applicant is a story of sacrifice, hope, family expectations, and for many women, the desire to claim space in fields traditionally reserved for men. These human stories should guide future reforms, and for that reason, gender-sensitive policies must no longer be an afterthought.
It is against this backdrop that the Ghana Armed Forces (GAF) on Monday announced the resumption of its 2025/2026 recruitment exercise in the Greater Accra Region, following the temporary suspension after the stampede on Wednesday, November 12, at the El-Wak Sports Stadium.
In a statement cited by The Spectator and signed by the Acting Director General of Public Relations, Captain (Ghana Navy) Veronica Adzo Arhin, GAF explained that the reinstated process will now take place across eight sub-centres. These include the El-Wak Stadium and Nicholson Park at Burma Camp, which will each have two centres. The Air Force Base at Burma Camp and the Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) at Teshie will also each host two centres, while the Eastern Naval Command in Tema will have one.
To ensure smooth screening and reduce congestion, applicants will report in batches of 600, with each individual receiving an SMS specifying their reporting date, batch number, and designated centre.
Even with the revised measures, one concern remains: women’s safety in crowded public spaces must be intentionally prioritised, not assumed under the banner of military discipline. Clearer communication, structured queuing systems, better crowd control, constant medical presence, and trained crisis responders are not luxuries—they are necessities.
Beyond logistics, there must also be recognition that women’s experiences of fear, vulnerability, and danger differ from men—not because they are weaker, but because society has conditioned the environment to be harsher toward them. For every female applicant to any of the security services, there is a story of resistance against stereotypes, limited opportunities, whispered doubts, and unspoken fears.
These stories must shape the reforms that follow, ensuring that young women can pursue the uniform not with fear, but with confidence and dignity. And as the nation continues to mourn the six young women whose lives were lost, the hope remains that lessons learned from this tragedy will safeguard the dreams of those who step forward next, so their courage is met with the order, protection, and respect it deserves.
By Esinam Jemima Kuatsinu
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The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with the Ghana Health Service, GIZ, and AYA Integrated Healthcare Initiative, has launched the 1st National Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Research Conference in Ghana, on the theme: Advancing Ghana’s NCDs Research Agenda Towards Attaining Primary Healthcare Goals.
The conference aimed to deliberate on the development of a National NCD Research Agenda for Ghana and to produce evidence briefs to inform policy decisions on NCDs, promote multidisciplinary collaborative research, and guide interventions to strengthen the healthcare system for the prevention and control of NCDs in Ghana.
Dr. Hafez Adam Taher, representing the Minister for Health, Hon. Kwabena Mintah Akandoh, highlighted their shared commitment to strengthening research, improving data quality, and integrating evidence into health policy and primary healthcare practice.
He underscore the conference as an important platform to convert research findings into actionable policy, build a strong network between Ghanaians and International NCD researchers, enhance national policy for data collection and knowledge generation, develop a National NCD Research Agenda that aligns with the sector’s strategic priorities including the Ghana Medical Trust Fund (MahamaCares), free Primary Health Care and the Universal Health Coverage roadmap.
Mr.Akandoh commended the partners, especially GIZ, for their continuous support and acknowledged the dedication of local research institutions in generating the evidence needed to develop contextually appropriate solutions.
He urged them to deepen their collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Ghana Health Service to ensure that research transcends academic outcomes and becomes the backbone of policymaking.
Dr. Kwame Amponsah Achiano in his delivery on behalf of the Director-General, GHS, Dr. Samuel Kaba Akoriyea, said research can improve NCD care in the country through early detection and clinical health, strengthen health systems and policy and support monitoring, evaluation and accountability.
He concluded that the fight against NCD would be won through knowledge, research that informs practice, transforming systems and saving lives.
