Features
The Prostate …a ‘powerhouse’ that needs to be protected
Mr Brobbey
The prostate is a vital but often overlooked organ in the male reproductive system. This small gland plays a crucial role in men’s health, yet issues such as prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostatitis can affect its function and overall well-being.
The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located below the bladder next to the rectum. Its primary function is to produce fluid that nourishes and protects sperm, aiding in sperm motility and fertility.
The prostate also plays a role in controlling urine flow and ejaculation. Maintaining a healthy prostate is essential for overall male reproductive health and quality of life.
Prostate health can be affected by various conditions, with the most common being prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Early detection through regular screenings, such as the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal examination, is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.
Prevalence
According to the National Library of Medicine (NLM) in the United States of America (USA), Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide, with an estimated 1,414,000 new cancer cases and 375,304 deaths in 2020.
It also said, in Africa, Southern Africa has the highest incidence rates of 64.1 per 100,000, followed by Northern Africa with 35.9 per 100,000 while Western Africa recorded 31.9 per 100,000, whereas Eastern and Western 23.9 per 100,000 and 13.2 per 100,000, respectively.
According to NLM prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men of African descent.
In Ghana, evidence from population-based screening showed a prevalence of seven per cent in men between 50 and 74 years with the chance of having prostate cancer going up with age.
According to recent GLOBOCON data, it is the leading cause of cancer deaths among Ghanaian men and accounted for over 2000 new cases in 2020 alone.
Also the chairman of the Taussig Cancer Institute, Professor Alex Adjei, at an annual public lecture on cancer last year said 82 per cent of men with prostate cancer in Ghana die annually.
This, he said indicated that the mortality rate of prostate cancer in the country was higher than deaths related to breast and cervical cancers.
“This is a worrying situation because comparing Ghana to other countries such as US and the UK, they recorded more cases of prostate cancer annually, but have lower mortality rates while the majority survived.
According to Prof. Adjei, Ghana which had three times lower incidence of prostate cancer cases, however, had higher mortality compared to those countries due to late reporting.
Symptoms
An oncology nurse at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Mr Eric Brobbey, said early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms, while more advanced prostate cancer can cause symptoms such as trouble urinating, blood in urine or semen.
Also, he said persons suffering from the disease will have the urge to urinate more often especially at night, have erectile dysfunction, decreased force in the stream of urine, discomfort in the pelvic, pain in the hips, back (spine), chest (ribs), or other areas from cancer that has spread to bones.
He mentioned that they also have weakness or numbness in legs or feet, due to spread of cancer to the spine and loss of bladder or bowel control from cancer pressing on the spinal cord.
Risk Factors
Mr Brobbey said the chance of having prostate cancer goes up quickly after the age of 50 while men with a first degree male relative (father, brother) who had prostate cancer before age 65 have twofold risk of developing the disease compared with men who do not have a first degree relative with the disease.
“Also, the disease is more common in men of African descent compared with men of other races,” he said.
Screening and early detection
Mr Brobbey said cancer screening was aimed at detecting cancer before any symptoms appear adding that the method used depended on the cancer being screened for.
The benefits of screening, he said included early detection of disease and early treatment possibly for cure.
He mentioned that prostate cancer screening can be done with Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test, this is a simple blood test.
Mr Brobbey explained that the antigen was specific to the prostate but not specific for prostate cancer and urged that men should make an informed decision on whether they would like to be screened every year with the PSA test.
Treatment
The oncology nurse said the treatment of the disease depended on the stage of the disease and there were different options for its treatment, stating that sometimes two or more treatment options were needed to be combined and not all treatments were for cure.
“Prostate cancers are treated based on stage, grade and age of the patient,” he added.
Mr Brobbey said that the stage describes the extent of spread of the disease, explaining that stage one is early prostate cancer while stage IV is advance prostate cancer where the tumour has spread to other parts of the body.
“The grade of the disease refers to the appearance of the cancer cells when examined by a pathologist and this is an indication of how quickly and aggressively a cancer is growing,” he stated.
Mr Brobbey urged men to get screened and have their PSA test done to help detect the disease early before symptoms begin to show.
Recommendation
In an attempt to fight the disease at an early stage, a national intervention is needed to create maximum awareness of the disease and also encourage men to go through screening just as breast cancer.
Also lack of coverage for prostate cancer treatment under the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Ghana makes it difficult for the less privileged to access and sustain cancer care at any stage of the disease.
Just as some aspects of treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy and some targeted therapies for breast cancers are catered for under NHIS, it is time some aspects of prostate cancer treatment was included in the scheme to give relief to patients.
With the current rate of the disease among men in the country, it is time Ghana embarks on a concerted effort to develop a better strategy for cancer control and invest in the setting up of well-equipped cancer treatment centres for early detection, diagnosis, treatment and research.
Conclusion
The prostate plays a vital role in men’s health and well-being, and protecting this powerhouse is essential for a fulfilling and healthy life.
By adopting a proactive approach to prostate health, making informed lifestyle choices, and seeking timely medical care, men can reduce their risk of prostate-related conditions and maintain optimal prostate function.
It is therefore important to prioritise its protection and care as a healthy prostate is a cornerstone of a man’s overall well-being.
By Jemima Esinam Kuatsinu
When Abigail Fremah steps up to the Armwrestling table, the noise fades, the tension settles, and order takes over.
Despite a calm, but firm and meticulous disposition, she has become one of the quiet forces shaping Ghana’s growing reputation in the sport, not as an athlete, but a referee trusted on the continental stage.
Abigail’s journey into Armwrestling did not begin at the table. Like many Ghanaian sports enthusiasts, she grew up playing several disciplines. Football was her first love, but she also featured in volleyball and basketball during her school years. Sports, she says, was simply a way of life not just for her.
“It runs through the family. All my siblings are into sports,” she stated.
“I was involved in almost every sport in school, football, volleyball, netball, hockey; I did everything,” she recalls.
Her academic background in Health, Physical Education and Recreation laid a solid foundation for her sporting career. While on scholarship at the university (University of Cape Coast), she often used her modest budget to support young athletes, sometimes sharing skills and even T-shirts at programmes she attended. Giving back, she explains, has always been part of her motivation.
However, as she matured as an athlete, Abigail made a critical self-assessment.
“Armwrestling involves a lot of strength,” she admits. “Looking at my body type, I realised I couldn’t fit properly as a competitive athlete.”
That moment of honesty pushed her to a different trajectory but equally important path in sports; which is officiating.
During her National Service, she was encouraged by Mr Charles Osei Asibey, the President of the Ghana Armwrestling Federation (GAF), to consider officiating. He introduced her to a technical official, Mr Hussein Akuerteh Addy, who formally took her through the basics of Armwrestling officiating in 2021.
“I started as a case official,” she says. “We moved from region to region every week, officiating competitions. That’s where it all began.”
By 2022, Abigail was actively involved in national assignments, though she missed the African Championship that year. Her breakthrough came in 2023, when Ghana hosted the African Armwrestling Championship.
It was her first experience officiating at a major international competition and it changed everything.
“That was my first national and international exposure at the same time,” she says. “It really opened my eyes.”
Today, Abigail is a World Junior Armwrestling Referee, a status earned through performance, consistency and discipline. She explains that progression in officiating was not automatic.
“It’s all about performance, your appearance at African Championships, your conduct, how you handle pressure; that’s what takes you to the world level,” she stressed.
As a referee, Abigail’s priority is safety and fairness. Armwrestling, she notes, comes with risks, particularly injuries to the wrists, elbows, shoulders and arms.
“If athletes don’t follow the rules or refuse to listen to officials, injuries can happen,” she explains, adding that focus was everything.
Before every match, she ensures that all equipment which includes elbow pads, hand pegs and table alignment were properly set. Athletes are not allowed to cover their elbows, must grip correctly, and must follow the referee’s commands precisely.
“We make sure everything is fixed before the grip,” she says. “Once we say ‘Ready… Go’, there should be no confusion.”
She is also firm on discipline. Warnings are issued for infractions, and repeated misconduct attracts penalties.
“The referee must be respected, if you don’t listen, the rules will deal with you,” she says.
Abigail credits her confidence partly to her sporting family background. Her mother was a volleyball player, while other family members also participated in sports. Though they were initially concerned about her safety, her rise to the top reassured them.
“They were afraid at first,” she admits. “But they were also very proud, especially because some of them never got the opportunity to reach this level.”
Looking ahead, Abigail is optimistic about the future of Armwrestling in Ghana. In less than a decade, the country has produced African and world-level medalists, a sign, she believes, of great things to come for Ghana.
“Whenever we go out, we come back with medals such as gold and silver,” she says, and to her that was a sign of growth.
In the next five to ten years, Abigail sees herself rising to become a World Master Referee, the highest officiating level in the sport. Until then, her routine remains intense, training four times a week, working closely with athletes, standing on her feet for hours, and constantly refining her understanding of the rules.
“I love this sport,” she says simply. “That love is what keeps me going.”
Abigail encouraged women to be bold and intentional about their place in sports saying “don’t limit yourself because of fear or stereotypes.”
She also urged women to invest in learning, discipline and consistency, stressing that respect was earned through performance.
For Abigail, as Ghana’s armwrestlers continue to make their mark, she will remain where she is most effective at the table, ensuring the game is played right.
By Esinam Jemima Kuatsinu
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As he had promised Aperkeh, the elderly man and his wife and three daughters stopped by Aperkeh’s parents’ house. Mr Amando and his family were preparing to settle in for the night.
“Brother Ben and family”, Mr Joshua Amando said warmly, “although I know you are here on a matter that can hardly be described as joyous, it is still good to see you. You are welcome. Please sit down while I bring you water”.
“Yes, we will take water, even though we are hardly thirsty, because this is our home”.
“Okay, Ben”, he started after they had drank, “Let me go straight to the point. My daughter Priscilla has told me about the goings on between her brother Aperkeh and our daughter Stella.
Before informing me, Priscilla had expressed concern to Aperkeh about some habits he is adopting, especially the late nights and the drinking. She tells me that one Saturday morning, she was there when Stella complained about his drinking and some girls who had come to the house to look for him, and he assaulted her.
I called him and complained, but all he could say was that I don’t know what caused him to react that way, so I could not judge him. Now he does not answer my calls.
I have sent Priscilla to his house to call him, but he has refused to come. Unfortunately, Ben, my son is a much different person than the young boy who completed university and started work at the bank. I am really embarrassed about his treatment of Stella”.
“Joshua, let me assure you that even though what is happening is very unfortunate, it will not affect our relationship.
We have been friends since childhood, and I thought that with their parents’ blessing, the relationship between Aperkeh and Stella would grow to become a blessing to all of us. But there appears to be a real challenge now.
Stella thinks that Aperkeh wants her out of his house, and indeed Aperkeh himself told me that, about an hour ago.
So I’m taking my daughter home. I suggest that you do what you can to straighten him out, but if it does not work out, let’s accept the situation and continue to be one family.
I am sure that being the well behaved girl that she is, Stella will meet a young man who will cherish her. Fortunately, this problem is happening early in the day, so they can sort things out if possible, or move on with their lives if they are unable to stay together”.
“I’m really grateful for that, Ben. I will do my best in the next few days to reason with him, because apart from the relationship with Stella, Aperkeh is risking his job and career with this lifestyle.
A good job and salary offers an opportunity to gather momentum in life, not to destroy yourself”.
“Okay Brother Joshua. We will say goodnight. I hope to hear positive news from you”.
As he descended in the lift from the fourth to the ground floor, Aperkeh wondered who would be waiting at the reception to see him at nine on Monday morning. He had spent good time with both of his new girls during the weekend, so it had to be someone else. He got out of the lift and pulled a face when he saw Priscilla.
“Priscilla”, he said as he sat down by her, “what do you want here? You know Monday morning is a busy time at the bank. I am a very busy person, so say what you want, I have work to do”.
“You are very funny, Aperkeh. You are telling me, your sister, that you have work to do, so I should hurry up? Okay, Dad says I should advise you to come home tonight, because he wants to discuss the issue of Stella with you. He sent me to you twice, and you did not come.
He has tried to call you quite a number of times, but you have refused to answer his calls. He says that if you do not come tonight, you will be very surprised at what he will do. He says you will not like it at all, so better come.
“What is all this? Why won’t you people leave me alone? Stella is very disrespectful. I told her that if she wanted to continue to live in my house, she must obey me. It is that simple.
She chose to continue ordering me about, controlling me in my own house, so I told her that if she could not live under my conditions she should leave. And she left. In fact, her own father came and took her away. So what again?’’
“How did she disobey or control you? Was she complaining about your continuous drinking and late nights? And did you slap her on several occasions because of that? Did you tell her that if she could not live under your conditions she should leave? You actually said that to her father? You have forgotten that before she came to live with you, our two parents met and agreed, and gave it their blessing?’
“Why don’t you leave, Priscilla? I don’t have to listen to all that”. “Okay, I will go. Your father who gave birth to you and educated you to university level sends me to you, and you ask me to leave? I wish you would defy him, and refuse to come home as he’s telling you, because he is planning to give you the discipline you badly need. Let me tell you. Stella is such a beautiful and decent girl, and I assure you that someone will grab her before you say Jack. You are only 30 years old, and you have already become a drunkard”.
As he walked towards the lift, Aperkeh decided on what to do. He would go home, and calmly listen to what his father had to say. The old man was very unpredictable, and he wouldn’t dare ignore him. So he would take all the insults and threats, but as for Stella she was history. According to Priscilla, Stella was beautiful and all that, but she had not seen the two curvaceous princesses who were all over him, ready to do anything he asked. And these were not barely literate waakye girls, but university graduates from wealthy homes, really classy girls. With stuff like that, who needs a waakye girl? He smiled as he took his seat.
A few minutes to five, Aperkeh was packing up to leave for home to meet his dad when his phone rang. It was Priscilla.
“Aperkeh, Dad says you don’t need to bother to come. Stella’s dad says she came to him early this morning to plead that she would rather stay at home than return to your house. She thinks you are already decided to be rid of her, and she does not want to risk being assaulted again. So it’s done. You can go ahead and enjoy the nice life you have started”.
Before he could tell her to go to hell, Priscilla hanged up the line. He was partially stung that his dad had virtually cut him off. The last thing anyone would want was to fall out of relationship with his own family, which had always supported him.
But the truth was he was no longer interested in Stella. What was wrong with going by one’s feelings? He could only hope that one day, his parents and sister would try to reason with him.
By Ekow de Heer
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