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Safeguarding the tenets and integrity of the 1992 Constitution
A Constitution is a collection of rules and principles setting out how a country or a state can be governed. It provides a framework for all decisions made by every government official particularly, the Executive (President), the Legislature (Parliament) and the Judiciary (Law Courts). It sets out rights of every individual which must be respected by the State, ie, establishing a relationship between the government and the people.
The importance of this special document in nation building cannot be underestimated because it makes sure that those who make decisions on behalf of the people, fairly represent public opinion. Besides, it devises ways in which those who exercise power may be held accountable to the people they serve. The framer of the Constitution make sure that those rights that are enshrined in the document ensure the protection and promotion of human dignity, equality and liberty.
THE 1992 CONSTITUTION AND WHAT IT ENTAILS
Ghana is a Unitary State with a Unicameral Legislature which consists of one House Assembly which legislates and votes as one body. The 1992 Constitution provides for one parliament which exercises all the primary functions. There is a Council of State which is an advisory body to the President. The President may refer bills or even laws to the Council of State for its comments when necessary.
The 1992 Constitution which was drafted and approved in a referendum about 30 years ago (April 28, !992) by the people, guarantees the human rights of all individuals found within the territorial boundaries of Ghana. Chapter 5 of the 1992 Constitution under the title “Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms” provides for such rights as; Rights to Life, Economic Rights, Women’s Rights, Freedom of Expression, Rights to Work and Education among others.
The three important arms of government, the Executive, Legislature and the Judiciary are the main organs that the constitution has established and these are sources of stability of any country and without them there will be chaos, anarchy and corruption in any society.
30 YEARS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RULE IN GHANA
As a country that has lived and survived the constitution for 30 years without military intervention which had been the norm in the past, we have every right to celebrate this achievement and applaud ourselves for coming this far. Some countries in the African sub-region in recent times, have witnessed some military take-overs from democratic instituted government but we in Ghana, are, indeed, lucky to have a sound democratic governance within this 30 years of constitutional rule. Our immediate neighbours- Mali and Guinea are victims of these military disruptions of democratic governance and are yet to recover and still counting their losses.
Since 2001, the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE) a legally mandated institutional body responsible for civic education, has designated the day on which the Constitution was adopted to launch the Constitutional Day which spans for a week. During this period, the NCCE organises series of seminars in schools, offices, public institutions as well as military garrisons across the country to deepen the knowledge and understanding of the Constitution and the need to uphold it.
PRESIDENT NATIONWIDE BROADCAST ON THE CONSTITUTION
President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo in his nationwide radio and television broadcast recently to mark three decades of the referendum that approved the 1992 Constitution leading to the birth of the Fourth Republic, urged the citizenry to renew their trust in the country’s democratic process and vigilantly protect the Constitution against threats of saboteurs. Hear him, “Thirty years ago today, on 28th April 1992, we Ghanaians took one of the most important decisions of our history. We went to the polls to decide, in a referendum, the nature of the future of governance of our nation – whether to continue to live under military rule or to live under democratic rule. The period leading to that day, had seen the nation sampled all forms of governance known to man before settling on the current democratic system of governance. With the extensive work that led to the birth of the 1992 Constitution, which had led to the Fourth Republic travelling the longest period in the country’s history of governance, it is incumbent on Ghanaians to do everything to protect the Constitution”.
STABLE AND PEACEFUL RULE UNDER THE CONSTITUTION
Indeed, this is a profound and well- thought out statement from a sitting president which calls for support from each and every Ghanaian no matter his or her political affiliation. Let us remember that even though this country is experiencing difficult times which has brought untold hardships on the people, due to a number of factors both within and internationally, we can confidently say that the last three decades under constitutional governance had witnessed peaceful and sustained growth in every aspect of national lives. Just as the President alluded, “Democracy has been good for us” and undoubtedly, under this current democratic rule, the country had also enjoyed equality and respect for human rights and rule of law.
We should not lose sight of the fact that under this Fourth Republic, we have had five presidents with peaceful transfer of power from a governing to opposition party on three separate occasions. On rare occasion when there was disagreement with the outcome of an election, it was the Supreme Court which on two occasions resolved the issue not through confrontations. That, indeed, speaks volume of how we have transitioned with our democratic governance.
MILITARY TAKE-OVERS ARE UNNECESSARY
By this time, we need to understand that no matter how difficult conditions we find ourselves as Ghanaians and the level of hardship we are going through as a result of severe economic conditions in the country we cannot resort to the barrel of the gun in a military take-over to resolve our problems. Military coups are inimical to national progress of any country and can worsen economic crisis and bring untold hardships to the citizenry.
The duties of the military as stated under the law is to ensure internal and external security and also for the total defence of the nation. They are required to defend the territorial integrity of the country by land, sea and air. Under no circumstance should we allow the military to join hands with civilians to destabilise the country and cause chaos, and misery among the people. That will amount to suicide and turn the clock of progress backwards.
Our political leaders must make sure that they confine the military to the barracks and provide them with all the necessary tools, equipment and the needed logistics to carry out their stipulated and assigned mandates as enshrined under the laws of this country so that they will not move out of their comfort zones to join other civilian forces to destabilise the country and throw the Constitution out of gear.
ADHERING TO THE PROVISIONS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION
History has indicated that there had been few instances in which subsequent governments flouted some of the provisions under the Constitution and did things in their own way just to achieve their selfish motives and ambitions. We need to avoid that practice and follow the tenets of the Constitution to the letter in order to maintain peace and tranquility in our dear country.Democratic governance is the best option for us as a country and we need to jealously safeguard this constitutional rule at all cost. Never again should we allow forces of negativity and destruction to influence and compel us to disrupt our constitutional rule and go back to authoritarian military dictatorship which will serve no purpose to our dear country. The clarion call is for Ghanaians to protect and safeguard our constitutional rule for generations unborn.
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By Charles Neequaye
When Abigail Fremah steps up to the Armwrestling table, the noise fades, the tension settles, and order takes over.
Despite a calm, but firm and meticulous disposition, she has become one of the quiet forces shaping Ghana’s growing reputation in the sport, not as an athlete, but a referee trusted on the continental stage.
Abigail’s journey into Armwrestling did not begin at the table. Like many Ghanaian sports enthusiasts, she grew up playing several disciplines. Football was her first love, but she also featured in volleyball and basketball during her school years. Sports, she says, was simply a way of life not just for her.
“It runs through the family. All my siblings are into sports,” she stated.
“I was involved in almost every sport in school, football, volleyball, netball, hockey; I did everything,” she recalls.
Her academic background in Health, Physical Education and Recreation laid a solid foundation for her sporting career. While on scholarship at the university (University of Cape Coast), she often used her modest budget to support young athletes, sometimes sharing skills and even T-shirts at programmes she attended. Giving back, she explains, has always been part of her motivation.
However, as she matured as an athlete, Abigail made a critical self-assessment.
“Armwrestling involves a lot of strength,” she admits. “Looking at my body type, I realised I couldn’t fit properly as a competitive athlete.”
That moment of honesty pushed her to a different trajectory but equally important path in sports; which is officiating.
During her National Service, she was encouraged by Mr Charles Osei Asibey, the President of the Ghana Armwrestling Federation (GAF), to consider officiating. He introduced her to a technical official, Mr Hussein Akuerteh Addy, who formally took her through the basics of Armwrestling officiating in 2021.
“I started as a case official,” she says. “We moved from region to region every week, officiating competitions. That’s where it all began.”
By 2022, Abigail was actively involved in national assignments, though she missed the African Championship that year. Her breakthrough came in 2023, when Ghana hosted the African Armwrestling Championship.
It was her first experience officiating at a major international competition and it changed everything.
“That was my first national and international exposure at the same time,” she says. “It really opened my eyes.”
Today, Abigail is a World Junior Armwrestling Referee, a status earned through performance, consistency and discipline. She explains that progression in officiating was not automatic.
“It’s all about performance, your appearance at African Championships, your conduct, how you handle pressure; that’s what takes you to the world level,” she stressed.
As a referee, Abigail’s priority is safety and fairness. Armwrestling, she notes, comes with risks, particularly injuries to the wrists, elbows, shoulders and arms.
“If athletes don’t follow the rules or refuse to listen to officials, injuries can happen,” she explains, adding that focus was everything.
Before every match, she ensures that all equipment which includes elbow pads, hand pegs and table alignment were properly set. Athletes are not allowed to cover their elbows, must grip correctly, and must follow the referee’s commands precisely.
“We make sure everything is fixed before the grip,” she says. “Once we say ‘Ready… Go’, there should be no confusion.”
She is also firm on discipline. Warnings are issued for infractions, and repeated misconduct attracts penalties.
“The referee must be respected, if you don’t listen, the rules will deal with you,” she says.
Abigail credits her confidence partly to her sporting family background. Her mother was a volleyball player, while other family members also participated in sports. Though they were initially concerned about her safety, her rise to the top reassured them.
“They were afraid at first,” she admits. “But they were also very proud, especially because some of them never got the opportunity to reach this level.”
Looking ahead, Abigail is optimistic about the future of Armwrestling in Ghana. In less than a decade, the country has produced African and world-level medalists, a sign, she believes, of great things to come for Ghana.
“Whenever we go out, we come back with medals such as gold and silver,” she says, and to her that was a sign of growth.
In the next five to ten years, Abigail sees herself rising to become a World Master Referee, the highest officiating level in the sport. Until then, her routine remains intense, training four times a week, working closely with athletes, standing on her feet for hours, and constantly refining her understanding of the rules.
“I love this sport,” she says simply. “That love is what keeps me going.”
Abigail encouraged women to be bold and intentional about their place in sports saying “don’t limit yourself because of fear or stereotypes.”
She also urged women to invest in learning, discipline and consistency, stressing that respect was earned through performance.
For Abigail, as Ghana’s armwrestlers continue to make their mark, she will remain where she is most effective at the table, ensuring the game is played right.
By Esinam Jemima Kuatsinu
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As he had promised Aperkeh, the elderly man and his wife and three daughters stopped by Aperkeh’s parents’ house. Mr Amando and his family were preparing to settle in for the night.
“Brother Ben and family”, Mr Joshua Amando said warmly, “although I know you are here on a matter that can hardly be described as joyous, it is still good to see you. You are welcome. Please sit down while I bring you water”.
“Yes, we will take water, even though we are hardly thirsty, because this is our home”.
“Okay, Ben”, he started after they had drank, “Let me go straight to the point. My daughter Priscilla has told me about the goings on between her brother Aperkeh and our daughter Stella.
Before informing me, Priscilla had expressed concern to Aperkeh about some habits he is adopting, especially the late nights and the drinking. She tells me that one Saturday morning, she was there when Stella complained about his drinking and some girls who had come to the house to look for him, and he assaulted her.
I called him and complained, but all he could say was that I don’t know what caused him to react that way, so I could not judge him. Now he does not answer my calls.
I have sent Priscilla to his house to call him, but he has refused to come. Unfortunately, Ben, my son is a much different person than the young boy who completed university and started work at the bank. I am really embarrassed about his treatment of Stella”.
“Joshua, let me assure you that even though what is happening is very unfortunate, it will not affect our relationship.
We have been friends since childhood, and I thought that with their parents’ blessing, the relationship between Aperkeh and Stella would grow to become a blessing to all of us. But there appears to be a real challenge now.
Stella thinks that Aperkeh wants her out of his house, and indeed Aperkeh himself told me that, about an hour ago.
So I’m taking my daughter home. I suggest that you do what you can to straighten him out, but if it does not work out, let’s accept the situation and continue to be one family.
I am sure that being the well behaved girl that she is, Stella will meet a young man who will cherish her. Fortunately, this problem is happening early in the day, so they can sort things out if possible, or move on with their lives if they are unable to stay together”.
“I’m really grateful for that, Ben. I will do my best in the next few days to reason with him, because apart from the relationship with Stella, Aperkeh is risking his job and career with this lifestyle.
A good job and salary offers an opportunity to gather momentum in life, not to destroy yourself”.
“Okay Brother Joshua. We will say goodnight. I hope to hear positive news from you”.
As he descended in the lift from the fourth to the ground floor, Aperkeh wondered who would be waiting at the reception to see him at nine on Monday morning. He had spent good time with both of his new girls during the weekend, so it had to be someone else. He got out of the lift and pulled a face when he saw Priscilla.
“Priscilla”, he said as he sat down by her, “what do you want here? You know Monday morning is a busy time at the bank. I am a very busy person, so say what you want, I have work to do”.
“You are very funny, Aperkeh. You are telling me, your sister, that you have work to do, so I should hurry up? Okay, Dad says I should advise you to come home tonight, because he wants to discuss the issue of Stella with you. He sent me to you twice, and you did not come.
He has tried to call you quite a number of times, but you have refused to answer his calls. He says that if you do not come tonight, you will be very surprised at what he will do. He says you will not like it at all, so better come.
“What is all this? Why won’t you people leave me alone? Stella is very disrespectful. I told her that if she wanted to continue to live in my house, she must obey me. It is that simple.
She chose to continue ordering me about, controlling me in my own house, so I told her that if she could not live under my conditions she should leave. And she left. In fact, her own father came and took her away. So what again?’’
“How did she disobey or control you? Was she complaining about your continuous drinking and late nights? And did you slap her on several occasions because of that? Did you tell her that if she could not live under your conditions she should leave? You actually said that to her father? You have forgotten that before she came to live with you, our two parents met and agreed, and gave it their blessing?’
“Why don’t you leave, Priscilla? I don’t have to listen to all that”. “Okay, I will go. Your father who gave birth to you and educated you to university level sends me to you, and you ask me to leave? I wish you would defy him, and refuse to come home as he’s telling you, because he is planning to give you the discipline you badly need. Let me tell you. Stella is such a beautiful and decent girl, and I assure you that someone will grab her before you say Jack. You are only 30 years old, and you have already become a drunkard”.
As he walked towards the lift, Aperkeh decided on what to do. He would go home, and calmly listen to what his father had to say. The old man was very unpredictable, and he wouldn’t dare ignore him. So he would take all the insults and threats, but as for Stella she was history. According to Priscilla, Stella was beautiful and all that, but she had not seen the two curvaceous princesses who were all over him, ready to do anything he asked. And these were not barely literate waakye girls, but university graduates from wealthy homes, really classy girls. With stuff like that, who needs a waakye girl? He smiled as he took his seat.
A few minutes to five, Aperkeh was packing up to leave for home to meet his dad when his phone rang. It was Priscilla.
“Aperkeh, Dad says you don’t need to bother to come. Stella’s dad says she came to him early this morning to plead that she would rather stay at home than return to your house. She thinks you are already decided to be rid of her, and she does not want to risk being assaulted again. So it’s done. You can go ahead and enjoy the nice life you have started”.
Before he could tell her to go to hell, Priscilla hanged up the line. He was partially stung that his dad had virtually cut him off. The last thing anyone would want was to fall out of relationship with his own family, which had always supported him.
But the truth was he was no longer interested in Stella. What was wrong with going by one’s feelings? He could only hope that one day, his parents and sister would try to reason with him.
By Ekow de Heer
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