Section 5 of the Bye-laws bans the playing of any recorded music for the purpose of advertising as it constitutes a public nuisance. Under section 6, no operator of a night club, restaurant or drinking bar or entertainment spot is allowed to play music in such a way as to cause public nuisance to the residents. The section emphasises that any music played in such a place must only be heard within the confines of the place.
Section 7 requires that music must be played “at reasonable pitch up to midnight,” during a wake or party. By operation of section 8 music played during church services must not be so loud as to cause nuisance to the public and residents. Written permission is to be obtained from the Assembly whenever music is to be played before 6am and after 12 p.m. during a religious service. Music played through public address systems in religious institutions or in entertainment halls must be confined to such places.
Ultimately, religious, commercial, educational, industrial or entertainment facilities sited in residential areas should limit their noise levels to conform to the prescriptions of the Environmental Protection Agency.
Users of generators are even expected to reduce the noise level so as not to cause nuisance to the neighbours. Contravention of any of the Bye- laws shall on summary conviction draw fines of not less than 50 penalty units or terms of imprisonment of four months or more. Both punishments could also be imposed.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
The Environmental Protection Agency is mandated by Act 490 of 1994 to carry out informative, enforcement and regulatory functions. The agency is to collaborate with Local Assemblies, other state and non- state actors to embark on systematic programmes of formal and non- formal education in order to create awareness of the importance of the field to economic and social life.
To ensure that the levels, intensity and quality of noise in the environment are controlled, the Agency serves notice and warnings on persons or organisations in breach of relevant laws and regulations. Ignoring the notices and warnings could result in arrests and prosecutions. The sector minister may even authorise the use of force to exact compliance.
The Agency has further leverage on noise disturbance through the issuing of permits for the siting within residential areas of facilities like factories, businesses, schools, houses of worship, drinking bars, night clubs and entertainment venues in such manner that residents will not be disturbed or inconvenienced by their activities.
Of particular importance is meeting the requirements of the Environmental Permit Assessment Regulations, 1999 (L I 1652). Environmental Assessment reports must be obtained before Environmental Permits are issued. The conditions are stringent and permits are renewable yearly, subject to due observance of the conditions in the course of the preceding year.
On the ground, the processes are often not followed through with the result that our residential areas have become cauldrons of noise making. Presumably the Agency is hampered by the human and logistical constraints it has always complained about. It has become normal for set- ups which do not have the requisite permits from the Environmental Protection Agency to continue to operate in the communities.
This is one institution with sound appreciation of the effects of unbridled noise making on life and recently it had to warn Ghanaians about the negative effect of excessive noise making on student performance. The due performance of its role would greatly enhance the prospects of quietude in our communities.
MEASUREMENT OF NOISE
It appears that the greatest hindrance to the handling of noise- related cases by both the Police and the Environmental Health and Sanitation Departments of the Assemblies is the introduction of Guidelines for Measuring the Ambient Noise Levels by the Environmental Protection Agency. The impression is that every noise- related complaint requires measurement and since the Agency itself does not have adequate stock of the measuring devices for its field offices, there can be no prosecution of persons who commit noise- related offences.
The reality is that some noise related offences like lack of Environmental Permits where required, absence of operational permits issued by Assemblies before commencing business or not having the written permission of an Assembly before embarking on a public activity which involves noise making between 8pm and 6am, do not require the measurement of noise. So would arresting without warrant any person engaging in noise disturbance on premises so as to disturb neighbours. A real paralysis of enforcement would result if the law is to be construed this way.
If the Police and the Environmental Health and Sanitation Departments of the Assemblies believe noise measurement is absolutely necessary in particular circumstances, they should approach the Environmental Protection Agency which has the statutory duty to compile the Environmental Reports they require to facilitate successful prosecution.
The Agency is forthcoming even in civil cases like the epoch- making suit involving two Haatso-based churches. Here, the learned judge relied upon the report of the Environmental Protection Agency to make a finding that the noise level the two churches made “was excessive and violated the regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency.”
A take away from the decision in that case was the award of damages against the Assembly for recklessly violating the rights of the plaintiffs by granting permission to the churches to operate in a residential area without regard to the interests of the residents.
The Daily Graphic had hoped that “the judgement will not only serve as a reference point for such cases in future but also empower citizens to use the courts to address issues of noise- making.” Recourse to the courts is, however, not necessary when it is the duty of statutory institutions to provide such services at no further expense to the tax- payer.
We all know that at the root of our development problems is our reluctance to enforce laws and regulations which have been painstakingly crafted and enacted after much exertion and considerable financial expense. We tend to admire advanced societies when the only difference between us is our varying approaches to governance.
The tragedy of our underdevelopment remains the abhorrent attitude of public officials who totally abnegate their responsibilities and their administrative and political supervisors who also fail to ensure such officials are punished for non-performance.
Now that some degree of attention is being paid to its Siamese twin, sanitation, it is the expectation that our political and administrative authorities would offer determined leadership to seriously address a phenomenon which is imperceptibly contributing to conditions like cardio- thoracic diseases, diabetes, aborted foetuses, neurosis and hearing loss.
The author is the former Director General
of Ghana Prisons Service

By William K. Asiedu