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Understanding the body’s response to psychological Trauma- Part 1

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 The human system op­erates on sequential, randomised and dynamic systemic programming. It takes quantum volumes of energy and time to thorough­ly explain the brain in its entirety.

Today, I will explain certain parts of the human brain most relevant to its essential flexible perfor­mance capabilities-under­standing of trauma: the Cortex –the thinking centre of the human brain and the Limbic system –the emotion­al, existential survival and the existential intelligence command centre of the brain).

The Cortex

Among other functions, the cortex is the location of conscious thought and awareness. Maintaining attention to our external environment -what we see, hear, as well as our inter­nal environment -thoughts, body sensations and emo­tions require activity in the cortex.

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Thinking, including the recall of facts, description of procedures, recognition of time, understanding, and so on. Though it varies from individual to individual, low levels of increased stress with the accompanying increase in adrenaline levels will actually improve aware­ness, clear thinking, and memory.

However, past a certain (individually determined) level, increased adrenaline will degrade, that is, have the opposite effect on those same processes. A recog­nisable example is seen on television quiz programmes.

More often than not, contestants eliminated by a wrong answer will assert that when watching the pro­gramme at home, they nev­er missed an answer. Why then were they stumped when on TV?

Most likely, their stress levels rose beyond the helpful low-adrenaline kick and succumbed to overload that dampened their ability to access information that was easily available under calmer circumstances.

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The same thing can happen with trauma. Though many survivors report a sharpening of perception and thought, those with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) usually have a differ­ent experience.

In such cases, their brains became overloaded with adrenaline and they were no longer able to think clearly as they ran, fought, or—most likely—froze in response to the traumatic threat.

Understanding the inter­action of the cortex with the limbic system during low and high stress will help to make this loss of cortex ability clearer.

The Limbic System

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Located in the middle part of the brain between the brain stem and cortex, the limbic system is respon­sible for our survival. It pro­tects us from danger in ma­jor part by recognising and utilising sensory information and then setting in motion the protective responses of flight, fight, and freeze.

The limbic system assess­es the states of both inter­nal and external environ­ments via sensory input and transfers the data to other brain structures.

The amygdala is the limbic structure that assigns the sensory information, an emotional interpretation and instructs the body as to how to respond accordingly.

For instance, while wait­ing for your friend to arrive, you might already be smiling as your amygdala identifies her familiar posture and gait from a distance. In nervous system time, your smil­ing response appears long before you have consciously recognised her face as she approaches.

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Robert Ekow-Grimmond Thompson

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Culture of resignation    

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There is a culture that permeates all aspects of leadership in the advanced countries which I believe has contributed to the success in all aspects of their national lives.  Citizens strive to excel so that they will not find themselves in a situation where they would have failed, to necessitate a decision to resign.  

Countries where failure is frowned upon, it pushes the citizens to strive for success.  In our part of the world, failure and mediocrity has become an accepted norm and therefore, there is no shame in failing in a particular position of leadership.  

A head of an organisation mismanages the place and he does not see the need for him to resign.  The appointing authority does not also see the need to sack him and so the merry go round continues.  

It becomes friends and family as usual and if care is not taken, the rest of the world will leave us far, far behind.

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The practice of resignation in parts of the world for failure in some parts of the world has to be institutionalised in our country too.  It encourages the principle of accountability which is good for any organisation, sector of an economy or a country.  

It promotes good governance, a necessary ingredient in the growth of the economy of any country.  

When this practice becomes a culture, every individual, privileged to hold a position of trust, gives his or her full attention to the job assigned him or her, to ensure that objectives are achieved.  

This trickles down to every individual down the chain of command and there are no rooms for errors.  

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That is how efficient systems are built over time and this is the difference between advanced nations and third world countries.  

Where systems are designed such that people take responsibility for things that go wrong under their supervision or ultimate responsibility, there is evidence of development.

There are a few people that I admire in Ghana as far as this culture of resignation based on principled stance. One of them is the late Mrs Emma Mitchell.  She was a cabinet member but chose to resign after the confrontation between late President Jerry Rawlings and late Vice President Kow Akaah. 

 She was not prepared to be part of a cabinet which was lying to the general public that Rawlings did not assault Akaah.  

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She was of the conviction that telling the truth is more honourable than telling lies and that if she was bound by confidentiality oaths to tell a lie, then she would resign and she did exactly that.  

That is how we build a culture of truth and accountability. We have people in positions who have not lived up to expectation but are still holding on to their positions not prepared to let go of it.  

This is a clear case of display of selfishness, trying to be a Boss instead of a Servant to serve the people, which leadership is all about.

The ineffectiveness of some leaders, often result in waste of resources which could have been channeled to other sectors of the economy which could have been more productive. A culture of voluntary resignation must be advocated for by all stakeholders, especially the CSOs, traditional leaders and the clergy.  

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This is the only way the needed growth in every sector of our national life would manifest.  

Presidents, Prime Ministers, heads of reputable organisations have voluntarily resigned by taking ultimate responsibility and it is about time, we started seeing it manifest in our country.  

The people in charge of our sports especially our soccer, can initiate this long desired culture and resign in view of the embarrassment witnessed from the defeat of the Black Stars by Gambia. God bless.

BY LAUD KISS-MENSAH

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Features

Responding to religious insults with faith, wisdom and restraint (Part 2)

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THE QUR’AN FORBIDS RELIGIOUS PROVOCATION

There is a remarkable verse in the Qur’an which every Muslim preacher should memorise.

Allah says:

“And do not insult those they invoke besides Allah, lest they insult Allah in hostility without knowledge.” (Qur’an 6:108).

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Think about this carefully.

Allah knows that the unbelievers worship false gods.

Yet Allah tells Muslims: Do not insult their objects of worship.

Why?

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Because your speech may provoke an even greater offence.

This establishes a profound principle:

A Muslim must not fight religious provocation with religious provocation.

If someone insults what we hold sacred, we do not respond by insulting what they hold sacred.

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If someone attacks Islam, we defend Islam with knowledge.

If someone misrepresents Muhammad (pbuh), we explain who is Muhammad to him.

If someone lies about Islam, we answer with truth and knowledge.

We do not allow another person’s bad behaviour to dictate our own morality.

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LOOK AT MUHAMMAD (PBUH) — HE WAS INSULTED BEFORE WE WERE

Servant of Allah,

Sometimes we speak as though the Prophet (pbuh) lived in a world where everyone respected him.

No.

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He was mocked and insulted. Quran 37:36, Quran 15:6

He was called a liar, magician, and a mad man. Quran 51:52, Quran 17:47

He was ridiculed. Quran 6:10

His followers were tortured, and some were killed. Quran 85:8-10

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He himself was persecuted, leading to his migration to Madina.

Yet he remained the Messenger of Allah.

Allah said:

“Indeed, we know that your heart is distressed by what they say.” (Qur’an 15:97)

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Allah acknowledged the Prophet’s pain.

Islam does not say that insults do not hurt. They hurt.

But the question is: What do you do with the pain?

THE DAY OF TA’IF: WHEN THE PROPHET (PBUH) COULD HAVE CHOSEN

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REVENGE

One of the most powerful examples is the journey of the Prophet (pbuh) to Ta’if.

He went seeking support for his message.

Instead, the people rejected him and incited their children and others against him.

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He was chased.

He was insulted.

He was struck with stones until his feet bled.

He was physically and emotionally exhausted.

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Then the Angel of the Mountains came to him.

The two angels offered to crush the people of Ta’if between the mountains.

The Prophet (pbuh) could have said: “Do it.”

But he did not.

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Instead, he hoped that Allah would bring from their descendants people who would worship Him.

This account is recorded in the authentic hadith literature, including Sahih Muslim (Muslim, 1795).

What a lesson!

The Prophet (pbuh) had suffered injustice.

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But he did not turn his pain into indiscriminate revenge.

He saw beyond the offender.

He saw the possibility of tomorrow.

And this is one of the greatest characteristics of prophetic leadership:

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The Prophet (pbuh) did not merely ask, “What punishment does this person deserve?”

He also asked, in effect: “What can this person become?”

THE PROPHET IN MADINAH: LEADER OF A DIVERSE SOCIETY

When Muhammad (pbuh) migrated to Madinah, he did not enter an empty city.

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Madinah contained different communities, including Muslims and Jews, and there were also Christians who interacted with the Muslim community.

The Prophet became the political and communal leader of Madinah.

The Sahifah (A Covenant) of Madinah, preserved in the early sīrah (Prophet’s biography) tradition, established arrangements concerning mutual obligations, security, justice and relations among the communities of the city.

This is important:

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The Prophet did not build Madinah by teaching Muslims to hate everyone who was not Muslim.

He built a society governed by covenant, responsibility and justice.

Allah says:

 “Allah does not forbid you from being kind and just to those who have neither fought you because of your religion nor driven you from your homes. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.” (Qur’an 60:8)

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This is not weakness.

This is Islam.

THE PROPHET DEALT WITH JEWS IN MADINAH

‘A’ishah (Wife of the Prophet) narrated that the Prophet (pbuh) bought food from a Jewish man on credit and gave him his iron armour as collateral.

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“The Prophet purchased food from a Jew on credit and mortgaged his iron armour to him.” (Sahih al-Bukhari, 2068)

Think about it.

This was Muhammad.

The Messenger of Allah.

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Yet he conducted lawful commercial dealings with a Jewish citizen.

He did not say: “He is not a Muslim, therefore I cannot deal with him.”

No.

Islam gave him a relationship governed by justice and trust.

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Jabir رضيهللاعنه narrated:

“A funeral procession passed before us and the Prophet (pbuh) stood up, and we stood with him. We said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, it is the funeral of a Jew.’ He said: ‘When you see a funeral procession, stand.’” (Sahih al-Bukhari, 1311)

Another narration records his response: “Is it not a soul?” (Sahih al-Bukhari, 1312–1313)

What kind of heart did Muhammad (pbuh) possess?

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A heart that recognised human dignity even in death.

THE PROPHET AND THE CHRISTIANS OF NAJRAN

The Prophet also received the Christian delegation of Najran.

They disagreed with him theologically.

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Yet when they requested a trustworthy person, he did not choose someone because of hatred.

He selected Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah.

The Prophet said:

“I shall send with you a man who is truly trustworthy.”

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He then appointed Abu ‘Ubaydah.

This is authentically reported in Sahih al-Bukhari 4380–4381.

Notice something profound:

The Prophet could disagree with people without becoming dishonest toward them.

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That is the standard we need today.

The author is the chief Imam of Katamanso Municipal and Certified Counsellor and Governance Expert.

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