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Striping the unripe for marriage

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 It was early morning as already planned and sched­uled for the Ayorogo family (not real names) to give out their 15-year-old girl to be married off according to the Islamic marriage ceremony for the Ayinbono family. It was in Nangodi in the Upper East Region.

Prior to the marriage, arrangements for the ‘Leefi,’ usually consisting of cloth­ing, sandals, personal care, and other items for the bride (Amaria), termed usually in the Hausa parlance, were all set.

Displeasure

Though the family had consented to the marriage, comments from schoolmates of the bride-to-be, school club members, teachers, and the community scorned at the premature marriage plans of the young girl and the de­cision taken by the family to marry off the girl despite the fact that child marriage was widely viewed as child abuse.

Through an advocacy men’s groups in the region and con­cerned community members, the marriage was suddenly halted with combined efforts of the Domestic Violence and Victim Support Unit (DOVVSU), the Department of Gender, and members of the public despite the girl’s refusal to go to school. The young girl’s preference is to learn a trade instead.

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Drivers of Early

Marriages

Some of the driving fac­tors behind girls entering into early marriages include economic, social, and cultur­al elements. Families, often in dire need, seek to collect dowries from suitors and marry off their daughters to alleviate financial problems, sometimes without the girl’s consent.

The anticipated Muslim marriage ceremony that was annulled in the Upper East Region is just one example of many child marriage inci­dents that continue to affect villages in Ghana, especially in the northern regions.

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Child marriage brings with it numerous challenges, including health implications, withdrawal from school, reduced employment oppor­tunities, and limitations on the personal development of young girls.

Health experts indicate that the major causes of death among youths aged 15 to 17 are related to unsafe abortion and complications in pregnancy and delivery. Addi­tionally, teenagers are more likely to die from complica­tions such as ectopic preg­nancy, recto vaginal fistula, and secondary infertility.

Moreover, around half a million women die every year worldwide due to pregnancy and childbirth-related com­plications, with most of these deaths occurring in high risk categories such as women who are too young, too old, or ill.

While Ghana is making efforts to promote girls’ education, skill development, and providing employment opportunities through gov­ernment policies, the fact that brides as young as 15 are married is a significant concern and necessitates ac­celerated action to end child marriages, not only in Ghana or Africa but globally.

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Statistics

Globally, 15,000,000 girls are married before their 18th birthday. In fact, every min­ute, 28 girls get married, and in every second, one girl gets married. It is also anticipated that 150 million more girls will be married by 2030 if efforts to curb the trend are not intensified.

In Ghana alone, one in five girls aged 20 to 24 years is married before the age of 18. Regional data from the 2014 Demographic Health Survey revealed that regions of the north recorded 39.6 per cent of child marriages, the Upper West Region recorded 37.3 per cent, the Upper East 36.1 per cent, Eastern Region 27.5 per cent, Western Region 32.9 per cent, Central Region 29.5 per cent, Ashanti Region 25.9 per cent, Volta Region 25.9 per cent, Brong Ahafo Region 23.9 per cent, and Greater Accra Region 18.5 per cent.

Child Protection Act

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The 1992 Constitution of Ghana prohibits any person under the age of 18 from marrying or being given in marriage. The Children Act 1998 (Act 560), amended as the Children Act 937 (2016), stipulates also that no person shall force a child to be be­trothed, subject to a dowry transaction, or married.

Governments worldwide are working towards ending child marriage by 2030 under the Sustainable Development Goal (SG) with target 5.3 which specifically aims to eliminate all harmful prac­tices such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation (FGM).

There is therefore an ur­gent need to expedite these efforts in the remaining seven years as the clock ticks to 2030.

Interventions and

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Beneficiaries

The United Nations Popula­tion Fund (UNFPA) is support­ing its partners in Ghana for the third phase of the Global Programme to end child mar­riage.

As part of that, regional interventions in the Upper East Region involving collab­oration between the Regional Coordinating Council and the Depart­ment of Gen­der is working closely with some am­bassadors in six districts, including the Builsa South District, Kas­sena Nankana West District, Talensi Dis­trict, Nab­dam District, Bongo, and Bawku West Districts.

These ef­forts focus on engaging men and boys as ambassadors to encourage each other to end child marriage.

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Ms. Yvonne Wonchua, Assistant Director of the Upper East Regional Coordi­nating Council, noted that child marriage in the Upper East region has evolved from betrothing a girl to a man for marriage to pregnancy-in­duced child marriages. She emphasised that once a girl becomes pregnant, cultural norms often push her to mar­ry the man who impregnated her.

The male advocacy network in the region works with com­munity members, Assembly members, traditional author­ities, and religious leaders to educate them about child marriage, gender-based vio­lence, and the consequences of these practices.

Mr. James Twene, Upper East Regional Director of the Department of Gender, discussed the interventions in the region, highlighting the formation of men’s and boys’ advocacy clubs in six districts. These clubs have been trained to address child marriages and gender-based violence in communities.

The focus is on training men and boys to understand basic gender concepts and recog­nise child marriage as a crime with severe consequences. The programme also empha­sises how to respond to child marriage cases when they arise in communities.

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For communication and reporting on rising child mar­riage cases, a social media platform has been created for stakeholders to share emerg­ing issues.

Traditional authorities, as custodians of culture, are also being empowered to address child marriages, and workshops and engagements are organised to help them address the problem.

As the fight against child marriage continues, it is crucial to collaborate with existing structures, leader­ship, and stakeholders such as chiefs, opinion leaders, and assembly members. This col­laborative approach is essen­tial to prevent child marriage effectively.

Mr. Twene noted that strong networks within the districts are key to addressing child marriage. However, more districts should be covered to reach every part of the region.

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Currently, a total of 720 men and boys in the six districts have had their capacity built, and a Parent Advocacy Movement (PAM) has been created to engage parents, particularly women, to support their adolescent children.

Recommendations

The current UNFPA-support­ed intervention programmes in six districts should be ex­tended to cover all districts.

Traditional authorities, who have significant decision-mak­ing roles in their communi­ties, should also be supported to curtail child marriages.

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The Department of Gender should receive support to up­scale its intervention efforts to reach districts that have not yet been covered.

This unified approach is vital to eliminating gen­der-based violence and early marriages, as emphasised in the SDG, target 5.3.

Role of Media and Commu­nication Advocacy Network (MCAN)

The media plays a signifi­cant role in promoting health and social development. Media and Communication Advocacy Network (MCAN) is working with partners to ad­vocate against child marriage in Ghana.

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The writer, Fatima

Anafu-Astanga is the Upper East regional cor­respondent of the Ghana News Agency (GNA)

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Female bodies for sale

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A man and a woman walking together

It is still the contention of my uncle, Kofi Jogolo, that the moment God created woman, He created a big problem for man. If not, why would man always have to trim his moustache in such a way as to please woman and not himself? And why would a man’s holy organ keep nodding like an agama lizard just because there is a creation called woman?

Sikaman Palava
Sikaman Palava

Sir Kofi Jogolo whose moustache deserves both a national award and mention in the Guinness Book of Records for its stylish variations, told me recently that when you marry, you have palaver; if you don’t marry, you have wahala. All because of woman. I think the bloke is a reincarnation of Paul. Only he looks like Peter.

For those who do not marry, they may be free of marital problems, but might be in sexual bondage, because at dawn, a certain part of the body might nod in distress. It is a wonderful part of the human body that smiles with joy when a woman is lying within arm’s length.

The unmarried may not have to wait until dawn, though. After all, who says you can satisfy a sexual need only at dawn? If there is no girlfriend, there is still a way out. FEMALE BODIES FOR SALE! You only have to ask, “How much?” Sometimes it is worth the price of only two balls of kenkey.

It is for this reason that some people do not discourage women from practising prostitution because they claim the women play a vital role in national development. According to them, first, the nation cannot develop when the citizens are sex-starved. Second, they claim prostitution keeps down figures of rape cases since it is due to the scarcity of female bodies that the incidence of rape is rising.

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Well, some people really adore prostitutes. With them you don’t have to worry about pregnancy. Moreover, you can skip foreplay which many people don’t have the patience for because of their high sexual temperature, or because they consider it a waste of time. And when you pay well, you can enjoy the style you want.

In actual fact, some married men also go in for prostitutes once in a while. They claim that prostitutes do not complain in bed like their wives. When you ask them to raise a leg, they comply without argument.

They also say prostitutes who are experienced can really work on certain parts of your body enough to make you blaspheme. Holy Jesus! The difference is clear then that with prostitutes you pay for the service but with wives it is for free, meaning that the quality of service must differ accordingly.

Many men also say they prefer prostitutes to girlfriends because of “back-pocket palaver”. It is their contention that with girlfriends you have to specialise in telling lies about your credit worthiness especially when you’re not only a human being but also a church mouse.

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Sometimes you have to buy beer and gin because some girlfriends would not like to have sex unless they are properly soaked in booze. You also have to sing them lullabies and recite poetry to turn them on. Ask Devine Ankamah. That’s not all. When all is finished, you have to dish transport money, and if you’re not lucky she’d ask you to settle a “carry forward” you had planned to dodge.

So for just two probably lousy rounds of enjoyment, you’d spend some ¢15,000 if hotel services are included, unless you choose a hotel room where cockroaches and rats don’t practise family planning.

There are those who believe that with prostitutes, you don’t have to tell lies. It is purely business. No credit, no debit. Money na hand back na ground. When you are through and refuse to pay, she’ll cause a scene, scratch your face red and drag your butt onto the street. Next time you don’t have money, you stick to your wife or girlfriend or to your sorrows.

Prostitution in Sikaman is widespread. News reaching Palava have it that in the Obuasi area, it is the major occupation of females. They are in lucrative business. They come from all over the country -Bolga, Tamale, Kumasi, Sunyani, Accra, Odumase, wherever. A few are said to have come from Lagos in full gear.

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When they all come, they sometimes don’t do so with only their bodies and luggage. They also carry with them something small in the form of a disease called AIDS which they distribute free of charge.

So why Obuasi? Gold! The great successes of Ashanti Goldfields combined with the notoriety and boom of galamsey activities have acted as a magnet, drawing in those who peddle their bodies for cash. No cheques!

Sometime back, it was reported that AIDS cases in the Obuasi area had soared. The reason, prostitution. Obuasi prostitutes are, however, of class. They dress to kill. Some speak even more languages, so if you’re a client and you speak even in tongues, they understand. And they drink beer exactly like Germans.

So what really are we doing about these prostitutes who, some say are contributing to national development and others say are enhancing national obituary?

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Sikaman Palava has said it once that the law enforcement agencies have tried time and again to rid them off the streets. They have always failed in doing so. The problem is that they are as slippery as the cockroach. When harassed, they disappear and practise all the same. If caught, they are fined and the next day they are firmly at post.

Some people say because we can’t get rid of them, we must neither encourage nor discourage them. We must find a way of organising them into co-operatives under the name of “SPECIAL HUMAN SERVICES.”

They’d undergo medical screening and those with AIDS banned from practising. The rest would undergo a course in the cause, prevention and cure of sexually-transmitted diseases, personal hygiene, condom use and the healthful ways of practising prostitution.

Then they can be let loose to practise under laid-down rules and regulations and their income taxed.

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That way, the prostitutes would be more beneficial to society and would not be the problem we see them to be.

 This article was first published on Saturday June 29, 1996

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The right mindset is everything

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This year June and part of July, is an enjoyable season for football lovers due to the World Cup which is held every four years.  The World Cup is such a huge event and also very prestigious so it is highly competitive. 

Countries registered with the Federation of International Football Association, (FIFA) become automatic members.  FIFA organises tournaments on the five continents of the world, to enable countries to be selected to play in the World Cup competition. 

Governments support their national teams to ensure qualification to the World Cup due to the prestigious nature of the tournament.  Certain countries even go to the extent of renting a place of their choice, instead of the accommodation provided by FIFA, to ensure that they win the ultimate crown, as Germany did in the 2014 tournament in Brazil. 

Mental strength a requisite for emerging victorious in football matches at such high professional level and everything must be done to endure that players are focused on the matches ahead of them.

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There is however, a peculiar situation in this year’s World Cup, where it is being hosted by three countries namely the United States of America, Mexico and Canada and where one of the host countries, is at war with one of the competing countries. 

The United States of America, is waging a war against Iran.  The US has prevented Iran from staying in the US where they were originally scheduled by FIFA to play their matches.  The US using its power as the host country, has refused to let Iran to stay and FIFA has provided a place in Mexico for the Iranian team to stay.  They have to spend about five hours to fly to the US and prepare to get ready for their matches, each match day. 

They are also forced to leave the US as soon as they finish playing their matches, without resting.  Despite this inhumane treatment being forced on them by the USA, the Iranian team is mentally strong and have managed to draw their two matches played.  

This is a clear manifestation of mental toughness, resulting from having the right mindset.

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Life has a way of often dealing bad cards to a lot of people but it is important that when it happens like that, you look at what you can do with what you have, to still achieve the goals you have set for yourself.

 There is a saying that when life throws you a lemon you make lemonade out of it.  The barriers confronting you might be great, but it is the attitude you display that makes the difference. 

The Iranians have really shown that the right mindset is indeed everything you need to be successful.  They looked at their situation and assessed what was not going in their favour and found appropriate steps to address it. 

Given the teams Iran was to play, the challenge was indeed huge, given the circumstances they found themselves in, but the right mindset to never give up, did the trick for them.

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As human beings, we are always confronted with challenges, right from the day we start to crawl, the day we take our first steps and as we continue to grow into adulthood.  Challenges are part of our daily lives and we must therefore condition our minds, that we shall encounter them and so must constantly be innovative in overcoming them, when we encounter them. 

We need as a country, to develop a critical thinking skill capabilities in our youth, as an investment in the future fortunes of this country.  Developing the right mindset, will enable us overcome every challenge.  God bless.

By Laud Kissi-Mensah

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