Fruitful Living
Role and contribution of women in Islam (Part 1)
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
We begin in the name of Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, sending endless praises upon Him, and invoking peace and blessings upon His noble Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), his family, and his companions.
Introduction
Throughout human history, women have often suffered marginalisation and discrimination. In some societies, they were denied property rights, inheritance, and education, while others reduced them to mere objects of ownership (Engineer, 2008). Unfortunately, these misconceptions have carried into modern times, with many still perceiving Islam as an oppressive religion for women.
In truth, Islam came to restore women’s dignity, ensuring their legal, economic, and social rights. The Qur’an and the Prophet Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) teachings positioned women as equal spiritual beings and essential contributors to family and society (Barlas, 2019).
Women Before Islam
Pre-Islamic Arabia, known as the Jahiliyyah era, was marked by profound injustices against women. The birth of a daughter was often considered a source of shame, leading to the horrific practice of female infanticide. The Qur’an strongly condemned this crime: “And when the girl [who was] buried alive is asked, for what sin she was killed” (Qur’an 81:8–9). Beyond this, women were regarded as part of a man’s inheritance, transferred like property to male relatives upon a husband’s death. They had no recognised rights to inheritance, education, or social participation, and were excluded from leadership and decision-making roles (Stowasser, 1996). This oppressive environment highlights the transformative nature of Islam, which elevated women’s status by granting them dignity, rights, and responsibilities.
How Islam liberated and empowered women
With the advent of Islam, a radical transformation occurred in the condition of women. The Qur’an firmly established spiritual equality between men and women, affirming: “Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and believing women, the obedient men and obedient women… Allah has prepared for them forgiveness and a great reward.” (Qur’an 33:35). This verse placed women as equal participants in faith, worship, and accountability before Allah.
Islam also granted women rights that were unprecedented at the time. These included:
- Inheritance: “For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share… a legal share.” (Qur’an 4:7).
- Consent in marriage: “O you who believe, it is not lawful for you to inherit women against their will…” (Qur’an 4:19).
- Independent economic rights: “For men is a share of what they earn, and for women is a share of what they earn.” (Qur’an 4:32).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) reinforced this vision by declaring: “Seeking knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim, male and female.” (Ibn Majah, Hadith 224). By institutionalising these rights, Islam recognised women’s agency in family, society, and the marketplace centuries before modern feminist discourse (Mernissi, 1991).
By Imam Alhaji Saeed Abdulai, the Author
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Though debated, women’s leadership is not prohibited in Islam if practiced within Islamic ethics. Muslim women historically influenced governance through education, economic power, and advisory roles (Ahmed, 2021). Contemporary Muslim women in public office embody the Qur’anic principle of justice (Qur’an 4:135).
Islam encourages professions that benefit society. Female physicians, gynecologists, and nurses are essential in Muslim societies, ensuring culturally sensitive healthcare (Shaikh, 2015). Similarly, Muslim women in education, media, and business embody the Prophetic principle of service to humanity.
The Ghanaian context
In Ghana, Muslim women play a pivotal role in sustaining both families and communities. Beyond managing households, many women assume the role of primary breadwinners, paying school fees, supporting relatives, and financing community projects. Their contributions extend into professional and public life. In academia, Dr Rabiyatu Armah, an Islamic educationist and lecturer at University of Ghana, has championed girls’ schooling and equal opportunities in religious studies. In politics and governance, Hajia Samira Bawumia, Ghana’s former Second Lady, has promoted literacy, health, and women’s empowerment through nationwide initiatives. In the media, Madam Shamima Muslim, who serves as Deputy Presidential Spokesperson under President John Dramani Mahama, stands as a role model for young Muslim journalists. Her career reflects how Muslim women can excel in public communication while upholding modesty and Islamic values. These examples affirm that empowering Muslim women in education, media, and governance strengthens both families and national development.
Education and economic empowerment
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) stated: “The best of you are those who are best to their women.” (Tirmidhi, Hadith 1162). Honouring women means enabling them to access education and livelihood. Denying women education contradicts both the Qur’an and Sunnah and weakens the Muslim ummah (Barazangi, 2008).
A call to rethink our attitudes
Muslim societies today must critically re-examine cultural practices that continue to restrict women’s potential and return to Islam’s authentic message. The Qur’an and Sunnah affirm women as not only homemakers but also scholars, professionals, and leaders in society. True empowerment lies in realising the framework Islam already provides.
The role of Muslim scholars (‘ulama) is crucial. Those trained in Sharia and Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) must guide women in balancing modesty with participation in business, education, and public service. History offers powerful precedents: Aisha bint Abu Bakr (RA), one of the Prophet’s wives, transmitted over 2,000 hadiths and was a leading authority in law; and Fatima al-Fihri founded the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Morocco, the world’s oldest existing university. Their legacy demonstrates how knowledge and faith combined to shape civilisations. Equipping today’s Muslim women with similar guidance will strengthen families, uplift communities, and ensure a prosperous ummah.
Conclusion
Islam dignified women at a time when they were devalued, transforming them from marginalised figures to partners in faith, family, and society. From Khadijah (RA), who invested her wealth in the Prophet’s mission, to Aisha (RA), who transmitted knowledge and shaped Islamic scholarship, women have always stood at the heart of the ummah. The Qur’an enshrined their rights to inheritance, education, economic participation, and spiritual equality (Qur’an 4:7; 33:35).
Equally significant is the role of Muslim women in marriage and family life. The Qur’an describes spouses as “garments for one another” (Qur’an 2:187), highlighting marriage as a bond of comfort and protection. As wives and mothers, Muslim women nurture faith, instill moral discipline in children, and create homes rooted in mercy, patience, and cooperation. This domestic leadership complements their contributions in business, education, health, and governance, ensuring balance in both private and public life.
Allah reminds us: “For men is a share of what they earn, and for women is a share of what they earn.” (Qur’an 4:32). Empowering women in marriage, education, and work is therefore central to building thriving families, resilient communities, and a strong ummah.
By Imam Alhaji Saeed Abdulai, the Author
“Again Jesus call the crowd to Him and said, “Listen to me, everyone, and understand this. Nothing outside a man can make him ‘unclean’ by going into him. Rather, it is what comes out of a man that makes him ‘unclean.” – Mark 7:14-16 (NIV)
Introduction
The Lord is really awesome in His wisdom and as Moses said when they were led to cross the Red Sea – “Who is like unto you, O Lord, among the gods? Who is like you, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders?” – Exodus 15:11 (KJV)
CHANNEL
The word channel connotes action – real action because as a verb, it means:
- to direct
- to show the way
- shepherd
- lead
- train; among others.
And as a noun it can mean:
- a conduit
- an access
- an artery
- a pipeline
- a means of.
But the other words I found in the Thesaurus which really thrilled me and gave me a greater understanding of who we are called to be as Christians are meaning of channel as
- Advertiser;
- Delegate;
- Witness;
- Narrator;
- Go between;
- Spokesman,
- Communicator;
- Publiciser;
- Speaker.
Fascinating isn’t it. This reminds us of our calling as stated in Acts 1:8 that we will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes and we will be His witness here on earth – we are to be those through whom others come to know the Lord Jesus Christ. So as I found in the Thesaurus, we are Jesus’ delegates here on earth – we represent Him. We are His spokespersons. His go between when He wants to reach out to people. We are His communicators – we are really the ones who should be on radio each day telling people about the Lord Jesus Christ as the only means of salvation and redemption from sin. Alas, political party communicators seem to have the upper hand because media houses prefer their cacophony and not our soothing but very powerful words that ONLY Jesus saves.
By Rev. Dr Joyce Aryee, the author
