Fruitful Living
Islamic teachings on human trafficking: A normative, legal, ethical analysis
In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful
All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all worlds. We send peace and blessings upon the noble Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), his family, his companions, and all those who stand for justice until the Day of Judgment.
Human trafficking is not merely a crime it is a systematic violation of the divine order established by Allah. It degrades human dignity, corrupts society, and undermines justice. Addressing it, therefore, is both a religious obligation and a societal necessity.
Abstract
Human trafficking represents a severe violation of human dignity and a contemporary manifestation of slavery. This study provides a comprehensive examination of human trafficking through Islamic ethical principles, Qur’anic anthropology, Prophetic traditions, and the framework of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (higher objectives of Islamic Law). It further situates these teachings within international, regional, and national legal regimes, highlighting implementation challenges and the
Strategic role of religious leadership. The study argues that Islamic law not only prohibitstrafficking but provides a holistic moral and institutional framework for its eradication.
Introduction
Human trafficking remains one of the most pervasive forms of organised transnational crime, involving the recruitment, transportation, and exploitation of vulnerable individuals through coercion and deception. It constitutes a structural violation of human dignity and freedom.
In Ghana, trafficking manifests in multiple forms, including child labour in fishing communities, domestic servitude, and cross-border exploitation. These practices undermine human capital development and perpetuate cycles of poverty.
From an Islamic perspective, trafficking contradicts the fundamental purpose of human existence—dignified servitude to Allah and moral stewardship on earth. Scholars consistently affirm that trafficking represents a modern extension of slavery and is categorically prohibited within Islamic law (Rashdi, 2024; Alkharji, 2023).
Islamic theological foundations of human dignity
Islam establishes a robust ontological framework of human dignity (karāmah). The Qur’an affirms:
• “We have honoured the children of Adam” (Qur’an 17:70)
• “We created man in the best of forms” (Qur’an 95:4)
These verses emphasise inherent human worth, autonomy, and moral responsibility. Human trafficking negates this dignity by reducing individuals to commodities.
Allah further states: “Remember˺ when your Lord said to the angels, “I am going to place a successive ˹human˺ authority on earth.” Quran 2:30.
This order of Allah establishes the doctrine of khilāfah (vicegerency) (Qur’an 2:30) positions humans as moral agents responsible for justice and compassion. Trafficking represents a direct violation of this divine trust (Ibrahim, 2023).
Also, in Quran chapter 31:20 Allah said: “Do you not see that Allah has subjected for you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth and has lavished His favours upon you, [both] apparent and hidden?”.
On the basis of this text, it is apparent that mankind is inherently entrusted with the authority of this world. Human trafficking therefore, obstructs human authority and denies him progress.
This Quranic text emphasises that mankind is a representative of Allah on earth. We should therefore accord each other honour and recognition to demonstrate our full potentials by exhibiting the true characteristics of Allah on earth such as Compassion, Caring, Forgiving. Human
Trafficking is anti-Godly and potentially kills the dream and aspirations of many people on earth.
Prophetic ethics and the sanctity of rights
The Farewell Sermon of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) articulates a foundational human rights framework. He (pbuh) said:
• “Your blood,
• Your wealth, and
• Your honour are sacred.”
This profound declaration establishes the inviolability of life (nafs), property (māl), and honour (‘ird), forming the ethical cornerstone of Islamic social justice. It affirms that every individual is entitled to security, dignity, and protection from harm. These principles prohibit all forms of oppression, exploitation, and injustice, regardless of context or status. Human trafficking, by its very nature, entails physical abuse, economic exploitation, and the degradation of personal dignity.
It simultaneously violates the sanctity of life through harmful conditions, undermines property rights through forced labour, and destroys honour through humiliation and abuse. Consequently, it stands in direct contradiction to Prophetic teachings and is unequivocally prohibited within Islamic ethical and legal frameworks.
By Imam Alhaji Saeed Abdulai
Fruitful Living
The Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah: The Islamic framework for addressing contemporary social challenges
In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful
All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all worlds. We send peace and blessings upon the noble Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), his family, his companions, and all those who stand for justice until the Day of Judgment.
Introduction
We live in an era of rapid social transformation. Technological advancement, urbanization, changing family structures, health crises, unemployment, moral decadence, drug abuse, cybercrime, and weakening social bonds have created enormous challenges for Muslim communities across the world. The Muslim Ummah in Ghana is not immune to these realities.
Islam is not merely a religion of rituals. Islam provides guidance for every aspect of life— spiritual, social, economic, educational, political and health-related.
Allah said in the holy Quran “We have neglected nothing in the Book.” (Qur’an 6:38).
Before discussing the practical challenges facing our communities today, it is important to understand that Islamic law was revealed to achieve specific objectives known as Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah (The Higher Objectives of Islamic Law).
The great scholar, Imam Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi, explained that all Islamic laws aim at securing benefit (Maslahah) and preventing harm (Mafsadah).
The scholars have summarized these objectives into five fundamental necessities known as:
Hifz ad-Din (Protection of Religion)
Islam seeks to preserve faith, worship, Islamic identity and moral values.
Allah said, “And I did not create the jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me.”
(Qur’an 51:56)
Therefore, strengthening Islamic education, supporting the mosque, preserving family values, and protecting the next generation from immoral influences are all means of preserving the Islamic religion identity.
Today, social media abuse, drug addiction, pornography, cybercrime, and moral decay threaten the faith of many Muslim youth. The Muslim Ummah must equip itself with sound Islamic knowledge to preserve its religious identity.
Hifz an-Nafs (Protection of Life)
One of the greatest objectives of Islam is the preservation of human life.”And do not kill yourselves. Indeed, Allah is Most Merciful to you.” (Qur’an 4:29)
This objective forms the basis for:
• Public health programmes
• Vaccination campaigns
• NHIS registration
• Hospital care
• Disease prevention
• Environmental sanitation
• Road safety
• Maternal and child healthcare
Every effort to save lives is an act of worship.
“Whoever saves a life, it is as though he has saved all mankind.” (Qur’an 5:32)
Throughout the Old Testament, God’s presence was associated with a particular location the Tabernacle and later the Temple. These sacred places represented the meeting point between heaven and earth.
But Pentecost changed everything
When the wind and fire entered the house where the disciples were gathered, God was revealing a new reality. His presence would no longer be confined to a building made by human hands.
The Temple was no longer merely a structure in Jerusalem.
The Temple had become a community of believers.
Every follower of Jesus would now become a dwelling place of God through the Holy Spirit.
This was a revolutionary truth. The overlap between heaven and earth was no longer limited to one geographical location. Wherever believers gathered and wherever the Spirit dwelt, God’s presence was manifested.
As the Apostle Paul later wrote: “Do you not know that you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit dwells in you?” (1 Corinthians 3:16).
Gods desire to dwell with his people
From the very beginning, God’s desire has always been to live among His people.
We see this desire in:
- The Garden of Eden
- The Tabernacle
- The Temple
Yet sin continually created separation between God and humanity. A holy God could not fully dwell among a sinful people without judgment.
But Jesus made a way.
Through His death and resurrection, Jesus dealt with the problem of sin once and for all.
John beautifully describes this truth: “The Word became flesh and dwelt among us. We observed His glory, the glory as the one and only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.” (John 1:14)
Because of Christ’s redemptive work on the cross, our sins are forgiven and we are reconciled to God. The Holy Spirit can now live within believers, making us the new temple of God.
To be continued!
Stay blessed!
Please note that the preaching programme on Sunny 88.7 FM – Tuesdays at 5:30 am has been temporarily put on hold. However, please continue to join us on Asempa 94.7 FM – Sundays at 5:30 am and YFM 107.9 – Sundays at 6:30 am for our Radio Bible Study, as well as on Sunny 88.7 FM every Sunday at 3:30 pm for Hymns and Their Stories.
By Rev Dr. Joyce
