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These comparisons and equalisationsin governance are totally needless
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Governance can be defined “as the system by which entities are directed and controlled”. It is concerned with structure and processes for decision making, accountability, control and behaviour at the top of an entity. Governance influences how an organisation’s objectives are set and achieved, how risk is monitored and addressed and how performance is optimised.
In summary, governance encompasses the processes by which organisations are directed, controlled and held to account. It includes the authority, accountability, leadership, direction and control exercised in an organisation.
FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT
The primary functions of government are to protect the basic human rights which include right to life, liberty and to possess property. The idea of natural rights is because every person deserves to enjoy these rights. It is assumed that people are born with these rights and that they should not be taken away from them without their agreement. If the government takes any of these rights, you have the liberty to take your complaints to court.
The modern government has a duty to fight poverty and improve the quality of life of its citizens. To achieve this, the government must create a conducive environment for material prosperity and economic growth. Therefore, the primary function of government is to redistribute resources from the young to disabled, under-privileged, socially challenged and the aged. It subsidises food, housing, healthcare and pension to the poor, also.
EXPERIENCE FROM MAJOR ADVANCED COUNTRIES
Though the rules and responsibilities vary greatly through time and place, governments must create them. They must provide the parameters for every day behaviour of every citizen, protect them from outside interference and often provide their well-being and happiness.
Most countries, especially the most advanced economies such as the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), France, Canada, Germany, China, South Korea, among others which have managed to practise good governance through major reforms in their infrastructural development, social, economic and political advancements, have transformed their economies and provided reliefs to their peoples.
They have structured their economies in such a manner that allows their respective governments to continue with projects initiated by their predecessors without abandoning them for fresh ones to begin and that is the secret behind their significant progress. They did not allow politics and petty squabbles to distract their way of thinking thereby affecting economic progress of their various countries.
Some of these major advanced countries do have their individual problems and shortcomings. Their governments and other appointees have some forms of corrupt practices hanging on their necks to deal with. However, they do not blow their shortcomings in the open and out of proportion. They handle them internally without exposing them through the media to the outside world. That is the beauty of politics and democracy.
AFRICA’S EXPERIENCE IN GOVERNANCE
In Africa, our various governments and political leaders have allowed politics to cloud their judgements to the extent that they become selfish, petty and selective in the way they govern their countries and these often create problems to the extent of creating political upheavals and agitations from their peoples.
Leadership problems on the African continent are unique and cut across the spectrum of the various countries because most of their political leaders are only interested in themselves, immediate families and cronies and, therefore, their actions undermine that of the larger societies.
POLITICS IN GHANA
Over here in Ghana, we have allowed politics to affect our way of thinking and life in general. We have politicised our economy to the extent that everything that goes on in our country is tainted with politics. Our political leaders are not helping us as a nation and, therefore, we are witnessing retrogression in our economy instead of progress.
The two main political parties, the ruling New Patriotic Party (NPP) and the main opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC) which for some time now under the Fourth Republican Constitution, rotating power and for that matter the leadership of this country have not been able to share ideas and collate views in the governance of our country. Their intransigent posture keeps creating a lot of problems for the country and affecting the citizens in general. Their major problem is always to find fault with each other and use that as a weapon to attack each other. The least opportunity they get has been to use the media some of which are owned by themselves to attack each other, thereby washing their dirty linen in public. Their shortcomings are often picked and highlighted by the social media to their own detriment.
DISAGREEMENT IN POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND PROJECT ABONDONMENT
It is perfectly true that our country needs a perfect and vibrant opposition to always put a check on the ruling government to bring it in line with the statutory laws and the country’s constitution. However, it appears that in almost all the changes in leadership of this country, both the party in governments and the oppositions, did not agree among themselves. There has always been tension between the two political groupings.
The reason most of the infrastructural projects have either been abandoned at the mercy of the weather or left to rot in the bush for many years, has been the lack of will power by subsequent governments to continue with those projects. These projects after some time, deteriorate to the extent that they become waste to the economy, thereby causing financial loss to the state. Almost all new administrations in this country prefer starting new projects instead of tackling and completing old ones initiated by their predecessors. This is the bane of this country which needs to be addressed as a nation.
If for the sake of political differences, projects such as school blocks and health facilities that had been completed and commissioned some years back are yet to be occupied while the people are in dire need of those facilities, then we have a huge problem on our hands as a nation. Our politicians are, indeed, not helping this country.
We complain of lack of funds or inadequate resources to carry out or initiate projects in the various sectors of the economy, yet we have the gut to spend our hard earned foreign money to carry out fresh projects at the expense of old ones.
COMPARISONS AND EQUALISATIONS IN GOVERNANCE
These comparisons and equalisations of projects and other issues related to governance are, indeed, not helping us in this country. You hear opposition issuing threats that the government in power is engaged in acts that affect their members and that when power changes hands they will do same. What kind of veiled threat is this? This country has come of age and people we place at the helm of affairs need to grow and know how to talk to the citizens.
It appears that our leaders keep flouting the laws and the provisions under the 1992 Constitution which we have crafted to govern our country. Ministers of State and some public officials are let off the hook when it comes to applying sanctions under the laws of this country. This kind of attitude gives room for the citizens to always make noise and also all kinds of speculations. The party in power must be seen to be vigilant and ready to apply and enforce the laws rigidly irrespective of the person involved or political party affiliations.
Contact email/WhatsApp of the author:
0277753946/0248933366
By Charles Neequaye
The average modern Gold Coaster born and bred in Sikaman is an adventurous creature. Go to any part of the world and you’ll find Ghanaman diligently slugging it out either in the snow or in hot sweltering weather, earning a decent living.
Go to Guinea and see Ghanaman in the garb of a herbalist, curing the sick of various ailments. He makes the Guinean understand that not all diseases are caused by James Lucifer alias Jimmy Satan. On the contrary, most diseases are caused by kooko which can even attack the human nose and turn it upside down.
That kooko is also the cause of poverty and the internal bleeding of personal back-pocket economies. And that kooko can be cured using the chemistry underlying Sikaman herbal medicine which has been blessed by the gods of Larteh.
And before Ghanaman starts dispensing his herbal concoctions, he must attract the passing crowd with some Sıkaman-originated choreography, akin to a combination of adowa and agbadza, such that the dancer can easily dislocate a shoulder and start crying for his mother.
When the crowd is enough to form a quorum, Ghanaman must perform magic as a side-attraction, and proceed to sell his drugs. The drugs are genuinely made from potent herbs which the Pharmacy Board of Sikaman says it has no confidence in. Believe me, Ghanaian herbalists are practising in neighbouring countries like Guinea, Cote d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone and Benin, while we are discouraging them from practising in Sikaman.
Go to Las Palmas and see Ghanaman as a fisherman. He sails on Korean-owned boats and is forced to eat garlic and raw tuna for radiant health. The garlic is also supposed to protect him against witches. But sometimes, he is not good bedfellows with some Korean crew members, and once in a while a fight breaks out.
The typical Korean is a Kung Fu expert and before displaying a golden dragon data. He must first terrify Ghanaman with a Korean dance which consists of wild arms and leg throwing. But Ghanaman is usually not daunted. Why has he been eating cancer kenkey all years without developing cancer? It mean is a superhuman capable of countering Kun fu side-kicks to the ribs.
Anyhow Ghanaman’s most potent arsenal lies in his fists. If he is a southpaw, it mean left fist is probably insured and can cause damage. When Ghanaman lands a cassava blow and it lands on a Korean chest, it has the effect of a cruise missile. If there is no ceasefire a funeral cannot be ruled out.
Greenland
Go to Alaska and find Ghanaman there. Greenland, Iceland, Brazil, Argentina, Madagascar, everywhere and you’ll find him. He has become an international citizen and is generally lauded for his hardwork, sincerity and honesty.
However, some bad nuts are also condemned and despised.
The world and all its parts and corners are for the human race, and anyone can choose to live anywhere and earn a decent living so long as he doesn’t misconduct himself or become a social misfit and a law unto himself.
Sıkaman for instance accepts foreigners, and we are so liberal that people just come in through our borders and we welcome them with the best palmwine in town and goat light soup. Who cares about passports and visas? Our hospitality is, as it were legendary.
So we have Liberians, Nigerians, Sierra Leoneans, Togolese, Europeans, Americans, Scandinavians and Koreans in Sikaman. And some of them have misinterpreted our overzealous accommodation to mean “foolishness” and are misconducting themselves.
The newspapers carry stories of some unscrupulous Nigerians stealing, defrauding and collaborating with their Sikaman counterparts to rob people. You’ll find some good and law-abiding Liberians around but some other Liberians are in the business of fraud, robbery, money printing, money doubling, anything criminal.
Ghanaian hospitality can no longer be extended to such people. I do not think Ghanaians will be treated kindly either, when they misbehave anywhere in the world. Those who come from outside with the intention of bringing down their evil deeds and to practise them here professionally must be getting ready because Ghanaians are getting fed up with the menace.
These days, you’ll find strange people following you as soon as you emerge from a bank. If you are not careful, they’ll wrestle your briefcase from you and speed away in a waiting taxi.
Someone was just saying that many foreign criminals are flocking to Ghana because in their countries, they are enable to operate either because they are being looked for by the police for offences committed or fear instant justice at the hands of mobs. Ghanaians, it is said, are humanitarian in dealing with criminals.
Well, in some African countries, a thief who is being chased runs directly to the police station in his own interest and begs the officer at the counter to lock him up. Otherwise he’ll be lynched or be burnt to death. In Ghana, it is the opposite. The thieves run far away from the cop stations.
The criminals must reform and stay peacefully in Sikaman or quit. No court case!
This article was first published on Saturday September 5, 1998
The human condition is defined by two absolute, biological bookends: the commencement of complex cellular animation and its ultimate, irreversible cessation.
For centuries, medicine treated life and death as strictly separate states. Today, modern pathology and molecular biology reveal a more profound truth: the mechanisms that allow us to live are the exact same mechanisms that dictate how we die.
Understanding this relationship is no longer just a philosophical pursuit. It is a clinical necessity for managing public health in the 21st century.
Part I: How we live – The mechanics of animation
At its core, biological life is a continuous, high-stakes battle against entropy (the natural tendency of systems to degrade into disorder). To maintain form, consciousness, and function, the human body relies on three fundamental pillars:
1. Cellular respiration and energy production
Every second of human life is powered by the conversion of oxygen and glucose into Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the universal energy currency of our cells. This process occurs within the mitochondria.
Without a constant supply of ATP, the microscopic pumps that maintain electrical gradients across our cell membranes fail, causing cellular collapse within minutes.
2. Homeostasis: The balancing act
To survive, the internal environment of the body must remain incredibly stable, regardless of external chaos. This balancing act, known as homeostasis, regulates:
Blood pH: Strictly maintained between 7.35 and 7.45.
Core Temperature: Ideally kept around 37°C (98.6°F).
Electrolyte Balance: Precise ratios of sodium, potassium, and calcium that allow nerves to fire and muscles to contract.
3. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
The ANS acts as the invisible conductor of life, split into two complementary branches:
Part II: How we die – The path of cessation
Death is rarely a singular event; it is a progressive biological cascade. Whether caused by old age, chronic illness, or sudden trauma, the final pathways of mortality generally follow a predictable trajectory.
1. The cellular horizon: Senescence and Apoptosis
Every time a human cell divides, the protective caps at the ends of its chromosomes-telomeres-shorten. Eventually, telomeres become so depleted that the cell can no longer divide safely. It enters senescence (a state of permanent arrest) or triggers apoptosis (programmed cell death). This gradual, systemic loss of cellular renewal is the underlying engine of aging.
2. The clinical cascade of somatic death
When the body can no longer maintain homeostasis, somatic death (the death of the organism as a whole) begins. This occurs in a distinct sequence:
1
Clinical Death
Zero to four minutes
The heart stops pumping blood, and respiration ceases. While breathing and circulation have ended, the body’s tissues still contain residual oxygen and cellular energy reserves. At this stage, resuscitation is often still possible.
2
Brain Death (Infarction)
Four to six minutes
Deprived of fresh oxygenated blood, the brain’s highly sensitive neurons begin to starve. Lacking ATP, the brain cells lose their electrical charge, swell, and begin to burst. Permanent, irreversible neurological damage occurs within minutes.
3
Biological Death
Hours to days
The organs fail entirely. Without central control or blood flow, individual cells throughout the body consume their final energy reserves. Enzymes that once aided digestion begin to break down the body’s own tissues from the inside out, a process known as autolysis.
Part III: The modern collision of life and death
In the modern era, the boundary between how we live and how we die has blurred. Historically, humanity died primarily from infectious diseases and acute trauma. Today, global mortality is dominated by non-communicable, chronic lifestyle diseases.
Modern Pathology: How we live (the cause) how we die (the result)
Cardiovascular disease, chronic stress, poor diet, and lack of sleep keep the sympathetic nervous system hyper-activated, damaging blood vessels .Occlusion of coronary arteries leads to myocardial infarction (heart attack) or ischemic stroke.
Metabolic syndrome over nutrition and physical inactivity overwhelm cellular mitochondria, leading to systemic insulin resistance. Multi-organ failure, chronic kidney disease, and severe vascular complications.
Neurodegenerative Disorders Chronic systemic inflammation and sleep deprivation prevent the brain from clearing metabolic waste. Gradual loss of synaptic connections, leading to dementia and the eventual loss of basic autonomic functions.
Conclusion: The unified theory of health
Ultimately, how we live directly shapes the path of how we die. The micro-choices of daily existence-how we manage emotional stress, the quality of our rest, our communal connections, and our nutrition-either preserve the integrity of our homeostatic systems or accelerate their decline.
True medical advancement is shifting away from merely extending the final, frail stages of biological death. Instead, the focus is turning toward optimising our living years-ensuring that the intricate, beautiful machinery of human animation runs smoothly until its natural, quiet conclusion.
By Robert Ekow Grimmond-Thompson
