Fruitful Living
Divorce in Islam
Introduction
Servants of today’s khutbah addresses a topic that is both delicate and significant—divorce in Islam. Marriage is highly valued and recommended in Islam, seen as a means of fulfilling half of one’s faith.
However, Islam also recognises that not all marriages work out, and in cases where relationships become irreparable or detrimental, divorce is permitted as a last resort. Divorce in Islam is not taken lightly, nor is it encouraged without valid reason.
Rather, it is regulated with specific guidelines to ensure that all parties’ rights and dignity are respected.
Through today’s khutbah, we will discuss the concept of divorce in Islam, exploring relevant conditions precedent to divorce by referring to verses from the Qur’an, the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), conditions and rights regarding divorce, the legal perspectives under Islamic law, the Mohammdan Ordinance CAP 129 in the Ghanaian statues, and remedies for wrongful divorce.
What is Divorce?
Divorce, or Talaq in Arabic, is the legal termination of a marriage contract, allowing both spouses to separate and move on with their lives when marriage fails to fulfill its intended purpose. Divorce is seen as a compassionate option in Islam, as it can prevent oppression, suffering, and emotional harm when a marriage becomes unsustainable.
However, divorce is regarded as a last option, taken only after all other efforts to resolve issues have been exhausted. The Qur’an and Hadith provide clear guidance on how to approach this difficult decision, emphasising that divorce must be handled with patience, respect, and a sincere effort to avoid it whenever possible.
Divorce in Islam: Relevant Qur’anic Verses
The Qur’an provides specific guidance on divorce, regulating it with fairness and compassion to protect the rights and dignity of both spouses. The following are key verses relevant to divorce:
The First and Second Talaq: Allah (SWT) says in Surah Al-Baqarah:
“Divorce is twice. Then, either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment…” (Qur’an 2:229).
This verse limits the pronouncement of divorce to twice, encouraging the husband to either reconcile with his wife or release her with kindness. This restriction ensures that divorce is not taken lightly and that there is room for reflection and forgiveness.
The Third Talaq and Remarriage: Allah (SWT) further states:
“And if he has divorced her [for the third time], then she is not lawful to him afterward until [after] she marries a husband other than him…” (Qur’an 2:230).
Here, Allah establishes that after the third talaq, the couple cannot remarry unless the wife marries and divorces another man. This rule prevents impulsive divorces, reminding spouses of the seriousness of their decision.
The Waiting Period (Iddah): Allah (SWT) in Surah Al-Baqarah emphasizes the waiting period:
“And when you divorce women and they have fulfilled their term, do not prevent them from remarrying their [former] husbands if they agree among themselves in a fair manner” (Qur’an 2:232).
This verse protects women’s rights, allowing them the freedom to remarry if they desire, once the waiting period is over. The waiting period (iddah) also serves as a time for reflection, reconciliation, and healing.
Kind Treatment and Avoiding Harm: Allah (SWT) says in Surah Al-Baqarah:
“Do not retain them to harm them so that you transgress…” (Qur’an 2:231).
This verse warns husbands against holding onto their wives out of spite or harm, urging them to treat women with respect, even during divorce.
Chapter of Divorce (Surah At-Talaq): In Surah At-Talaq, Allah (SWT) provides specific rules on the process of divorce, including waiting periods for pregnant women and guidance on providing financial support during and after divorce.
“And those who no longer expect menstruation among your women, if you doubt, then their period is three months, and [also for] those who have not menstruated. And for those who are pregnant, their term is until they give birth” (Qur’an 65:4).
This verse offers guidelines on different waiting periods, protecting both spouses and any children involved.
These verses emphasise that divorce, while allowed, must be handled thoughtfully, with a focus on justice, respect, and care for all parties.
The Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) Sayings About Divorce
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasised that divorce should be a last resort. He said:
“Of all the lawful acts, the most detestable to Allah is divorce” (Abu Dawud, 2178).
This Hadith reminds us that, although divorce is permissible, it is disliked by Allah (SWT). The Prophet (PBUH) encouraged couples to exercise patience, understanding, and forgiveness before considering divorce.
He advised spouses to resolve their differences with kindness, highlighting the value of perseverance in marriage.
By Imam Alhaji Saeed Abdulai – 1BN Michel Camp, Tema
“There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands; no one seeks God. But now a righteousness from God, apart from law, has been made known, to which the Law and the Prophets testify. This righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ, to all who believe. For there is no difference.” — Rom. 3:10, 21–22 (NIV)
INTRODUCTION
We bring you this week the concluding part of “A Righteousness Revolution,” published last week. For ease of reference, we recap the last paragraph of last week’s article. Please enjoy and pass it on!
THE GOAL OF THIS TRANSFORMATION
What is the goal of this metamorphosis? Scripture states it in a number of different ways, which overlap and can be seen as different ways of expressing the same basic concept. Scripture often does this because our minds are inadequate to comprehend, and our language inadequate to express, the full scope of God’s revelation to us.
TO BECOME LIKE GOD IN CHARACTER
The whole concept can be summed up in the simple and astonishing statement that we are to become like God. Not like God in power; we can never aspire to that, although we can move in much greater power than many Christians have ever imagined. But like God in character.
We are to “put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness” — Eph. 5:24; the “new self, which is being renewed in knowledge in the image of its Creator” — Col. 3:10. “We, who with unveiled faces all reflect the Lord’s glory, are being transformed into His likeness with ever-increasing glory, which comes from the Lord who is the Spirit” — 2 Cor. 3:18. “When He appears we shall be like Him” — 1 John 3:2. We are to “participate in the divine nature” — 2 Pet. 1:4. We can have “the mind of Christ” — 1 Cor. 2:16; Phil. 2:5. (Emphasis added in each case.)
Adam and Eve were created in the image of God — Gen. 1:26. With Adam’s Fall, much of that image was lost. But with Christ’s sacrifice for us, those who accept Him as Lord and Saviour can be restored into God’s image.
“Just as we have borne the likeness of the earthly man [the first Adam], so shall we bear the likeness of the man from heaven [the second Adam, Jesus Christ]” — 1 Cor. 15:49.
Jesus said, “Most assuredly, I say to you, he who believes in Me, the works that I do he will do also; and greater works than these he will do, because I go to My Father” — John 14:12.
We think of this (if we dare think of it at all) as meaning that we can heal, cast out demons and even raise people from the dead. It does mean that, and people who have faith in Jesus Christ are doing that now. But does it not mean more?
Jesus said that He did only what He saw the Father doing and spoke only the words the Father gave Him. Can we, should we, expect to do the same? He said, “I and the Father are one.” Can we expect this for ourselves? He said, “Anyone who has seen Me has seen the Father” — John 14:9. Can this be said of us?
Paul told the Corinthians that they were “clearly an epistle of Christ, ministered by us, written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of flesh, that is, of the heart” — 2 Cor. 3:3 (NKJV).
Is this not part of what it means to “be” His witness — Acts 1:8 — so that people can look at us and see Christ? We are to be witnesses by who we are, not just what we say. Jesus expects that there will be something different about us, that people will be able to look at us and know that we are His disciples — John 13:35.
He said of His disciples, “They are not of the world, even as I am not of it” — John 17:16.
His demands are to imitate and model Christ’s behaviour and to be clear reflections of the Lord — Matthew 5:16.
ESTABLISHING OUR ATTITUDE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS
Writing from a prison cell in Rome, the apostle Paul wrote about the attitude a Christian should have: “Whatever happens, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ” — Philippians 1:27.
He is telling us that no matter what unexpected disruptions, frustrations or difficulties come our way, we are to respond with a Christ-like attitude.
Paul later writes, “Your attitude should be the same as that of Jesus Christ” — Philippians 2:5. He also encourages us in Ephesians 5:1 to be “imitators of Christ as dearly beloved children.”
As children love to imitate what they see and repeat what they hear, we also are charged to imitate and model Christ’s behaviour and to be clear reflections of the Lord.
Jesus maintained a perfect attitude in every situation because He prayed about everything and worried about nothing. We, too, should seek God’s guidance about every aspect of our lives and allow Him to work out His perfect will without interference.
Jesus’ attitude was never to become defensive, discouraged or depressed because His goal was to please the Father rather than to achieve His own agenda.
In the midst of trials, He was patient. In the midst of suffering, He was hopeful. In the midst of blessing, He was humble. Even in the midst of ridicule, abuse and hostility, He “made no threats . . . and did not retaliate. Instead He entrusted Himself to Him who judges justly” — 1 Peter 2:23.
MY BROTHERS AND SISTERS: LOVING MUHAMMAD MEANS FOLLOWING MUHAMMAD
We say: “We love the Prophet.”
Alhamdulillah.
But the real test of love is not how loudly we shout when someone insults him.
The real test is: Do we behave as he behaved?
Allah says: “Indeed, you are surely of outstanding character.” (Qur’an 68:4)
And Allah says: “Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example.” (Qur’an 33:21)
Therefore, if we claim to defend Muhammad (pbuh) but abandon his patience, mercy, justice and wisdom, we must ask ourselves:
Are we really defending him or are we betraying his example?
AN INSULT DOES NOT MAKE A PRIVATE PERSON A JUDGE AND EXECUTIONER
This point must be understood clearly.
Islam has laws concerning crimes.
Islam has courts.
Islam has legitimate authority.
Islam does not turn every angry individual into judge, jury and executioner.
The Qur’an says: “O believers! Stand firm for justice.” (Qur’an 4:135)
And the Prophet gave severe warnings against unlawful killing.
He said: “Whoever kills a person under covenant will not smell the fragrance of Paradise.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, 3166)
Therefore, no Muslim should stand in a mosque and mobilize ordinary people to kill another person because of an insult.
That is not prophetic leadership.
That is not emotional courage.
That is not the Sunnah.
And it is certainly not a license for vigilantism.
If an offence has been committed, report it.
If a crime has been committed, let the competent authorities investigate it.
If punishment is legally warranted, let lawful judicial institutions determine it.
The Ghana Police Service has itself reminded religious leaders and the public that freedom of religion or expression cannot be used to justify inciting violence or encouraging people to harm others.
For Muslims, this is not merely a question of Ghanaian law.
It is also a question of taqwā (fear of Allah).
THE PROPHET TAUGHT US HOW TO SPEAK
Allah says: “Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in the best manner.” (Qur’an 16:125)
This is the Islamic methodology of da’wah:
Wisdom.
Good counsel.
Best argument.
Not abuse.
Not threats.
Not mob action.
Not revenge.
WHAT SHOULD WE DO WHEN SOMEONE INSULTS THE PROPHET MOHAMMED (PBUH)?
Servants of Allah, remember these SEVEN STEPS.
1. PAUSE
Do not react while you are angry.
Allah praises those: “Those who restrain anger and pardon people.” (Qur’an 3:134)
2. VERIFY
Do not forward every video.
Do not believe every audio.
Do not react to an edited clip without knowing the context.
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Allah says: “Then verify.” (Qur’an 49:6)
3. DO NOT RETALIATE WITH AN INSULT
Remember Qur’an 6:108.
We do not insult Jesus (Peace be upon him).
We do not insult Christianity.
We do not insult churches.
We do not insult the Bible.
We can disagree theologically while remaining respectful.
The author is the chief Imam of katamanso Municipal and Certified Counsellor and Governance Exper
