Features
DIABETES AND COVID-19
It came from a student in health care training. I have diabetes increases the severity of COVID-19. I have a strong family history of diabetes. Kindly throw more light on the subject. In responding to this, I found a fine paper by Singh et al titled “Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practicalConsiderations and published in Diabetes& Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews (2020).
The disease burden of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) has been
Increasing continuously with more than five million confirmed patients and more than 350,000 deaths globally. With a high prevalence of diabetes, it is important to
understand the special aspects of COVID-19 infection in people with diabetes.
This becomes even more important, as most parts of the world introduced
restrictions on mobility of patients in order to contain the pandemic even though they are being eased in some countries.
Diabetes and associated complications can increase the risk of morbidity and
mortality during acute infections due to suppressed immune
functions. The levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) greater than 9% have been linked to a60% increased risk of hospitalization and pneumonia-related severity duringbacterial infection. Past viral pandemics have witnessed the association of
diabetes to increased morbidity and mortality. Diabetes was considered as
independent risk factor for complications and death during 2002-2003 outbreak of
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-1). Similarly, the presence
of diabetes tripled the risk of hospitalization and quadrupled the risk of intensive
care unit (ICU) admission during Influenza A (H1N1) infection outbreak in 2009.During the 2012 outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
(MERS-CoV), diabetes was prevalent in nearly 50% of population. Mortality rate in patients with MERSwho had diabetes was 35%.
Emerging data suggests that COVID-19 is common in patients with diabetes,hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Evolving data also suggest that patients of COVID-19 with diabetes are more oftenassociated with severe or critical disease varying from 14-32% in different studies. SARS CoV-2, like SARS CoV utilises angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as receptor for entry into cell.ACE2 is expressed not only in the type I and II alveolar epithelial cells in the lungsand upper respiratory tract, but also several other locations like heart, endothelium,renal tubular epithelium, intestinal epithelium, and pancreas.
S-glycoprotein on thesurface of SARS CoV2 binds to ACE-2 and causes conformational changes in the ACE-2 receptors are expressed in pancreatic islets. Infection with SARSCoV has been seen to cause hyperglycaemia in people without pre-existingdiabetes.
Hyperglycaemia was seen to persist for 3 years after recovery fromSARS indicating a transient damage to beta cells.
Metformin, a common medication used in diabetes, was significantly
associated with a decreased risk of mortality in patients with chronic lower
respiratory diseases. In a study of 4321 patients with a follow up of 2-
year period, metformin users had a significantly lower risk ofdeath compared with non-metformin users. Patients with coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes.
Glycaemic control is important in any patient who has COVID-19. Though data is still evolving, data from other infections like SARS and influenza H1N1
has shown that patients with poor glycaemic control have increased risk of
complications and death. Most patients with mild infection and with
normal oral intake can continue the usual antihyperglycaemic medications.
However, it is advisable to discontinue sodium glucose transporters (SGLT-2) inhibitors because of the risk ofdehydration and euglycaemic ketosis. Metformin may also need to be stopped ifthere is vomiting or poor oral intake. Doses of other antihyperglycemic drugs likesulfonylureas and insulin may have to be altered depending upon the blood glucoselevels.
Blood glucose monitoring poses a special challenge in COVID-19 as it necessitates frequentvisits to patient’s bedside, especially if the patient is critically ill and receiving insulin.
There are several studies about the protective effect of statins in pneumonia.
Statins are known to increase ACE-2 levels and may protect against viral entry of
SARS CoV2. Also, statins are known to inhibit Nuclear factor kappa B
(NFκB) activation and might help in blunting the cytokine storm- a causative factor in COVID-19 complications.
Calcium channel blockers (CCB) have been shown to reduce severity of disease
and mortality in patients with pneumonia, presumably by inhibiting calcium influx
into the cell. It is therefore safe to continue these drugs for control of blood pressurein hypertensive patients. Since CCB has no effect on ACE2 expression, someresearchers have proposed its preferable use in patients with COVID-19 and
hypertension.
So to recap high prevalence of diabetes is seen in patients with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)and the presence of diabetes is a determinant of severity and mortality. Diabetes might facilitate infection by COVID-19 due to increased viral entryinto cell and impaired immune response.Blood glucose control is important for all patients who have diabetes andCOVID-19 infection.Telemedicine can be very useful for the management of patients with diabetes inpresent times with limited access to healthcare facilities.
Once again, make sure you regularly/daily consume polyphenol-rich cocoa to among others reduce your blood glucose, reduce your blood pressure and strengthen your immune system.
DR. EDWARD O. AMPORFUL
CHIEF PHARMACIST
COCOA CLINIC
Features
Hair styles and Palm Sunday

MY bosom friend Kofi Kokotako once told me that a person’s haircut portrays his character. I disagreed with him and said a person’s character portrays his haircut. All in all, we agreed between us that a presidential aspirant whose haircut is excessively punk cannot win even a unit committee election, much more a castle-bound one.
One thing I hated as a kid was getting my hair barbered because I never had the style I wanted. Usually, it was my father who was the tormentor-in-chief, and he chose the kind of design that would suit the shape and nature of my head and that of my elder brother Christian, whose name is more civilised than mine.
When we were through, we looked quite different from the other kids. I didn’t know where my Pop learnt that kind of style but I realised it was very colonial in form and outlook and I became sad when the girls giggled at my design.
Actually, it was something resembling a half-bow with a line cut through at about 38 degrees to the perpendicular. After the ordeal we looked half like the resident catechist and half like a fierce Regimental Sergeant-Major.
When I told my daddy that I had had enough of the ancient cut and wanted an Afro or at least a Tokyo Joe, he quickly explained that Tokyo Joe was for ruffians and that his style was tailor-made for aspiring doctors, lawyers, engineers and great states-men. He didn’t mention journalists though.
So I went and told the giggling girls that my hairdo was a magical one that was going to transform me into a doctor whether they liked it or not. I added that their brothers who had modern haircuts invariably were going to be labourers and tangas (town council). They laughed at me even the more.
They referred me to the conservancy labourer not far away who always wore my kind of cut and asked me why he wasn’t wearing a white gown with a stethoscope hanging from his neck, if that kind of haircut was indeed miracle-performing!
My Dad was quite scrupulous and dished us the haircut in its hardest form just before Palm Sunday. It helped boost our religious conviction and the Holy Spirit almost descended and settled on our wonderful heads.
At Sunday school one Palm Sunday, the lady teacher asked me to stand so that she could admire my hairdo. I was quite flattered and happy that I was the centre of attraction on a great occasion like Palm Sunday. So I quickly stood up and turned round like a model for all to see and envy my design.
It was when the teacher asked me whether my daddy was a policeman that I lost heart. At the mention of policeman, everybody started laughing and I concluded that the teacher wasn’t admiring my head after all. All she wanted to do was to predict my daddy’s occupation using my head as a determinant. I wasn’t pleased with the attempt.
Today whenever it is getting to Palm Sunday 1 remember the incident. And actually I have always enjoyed Palm Sunday because deep within me, I’m a very religious person and I believe that once God will judge us by the purity of our hearts and not the bottles of beer we quaff, I shall also be in heaven together with Korkorti.
Now if you observe properly, you’d realise it is those who are not believers who celebrate Easter to the fullest. They understand the real meaning of Palm Sunday because they equate it to the birthday of palm wine. They actually mourn the death of Christ and rejoice at his resurrection using palm in the form of wine.
Palm Sunday is best marked in the rural areas where palm wine is always available from dawn to dusk and vice versa. Normally, people start Palm Sunday at exactly 4.15 am when the freshly-tapped wine starts arriving. But you have to begin slowly otherwise you’d be in coma before the sun rises.
Easter is due again and this time as usual, the action is right in the countryside. Kwahu is going to shake, Tapa Abotoase will somersault and Peki would explode. All over the world, these three Sikaman towns are ranked as places where Easter is best celebrated with a hangover assured.
People from Britain, Germany and Holland come down either to Obo Kwahu or Avetile Peki to celebrate Easter. They never miss it. It is a yearly ritual. They save towards the occasion.
So during the celebrations, people from all over the country also converge on these places and the celebrants compare haircuts and note carefully those who have grown lean and those who are neither growing lean or growing fat.
In fact, people assess their fellow human beings to ascertain whether they are becoming prosperous or are chewing grass. News is also brought from all over the globe and those from Germany (Jaaamani) are the loudest. The way they talk, you would never know they are cleaning the whiteman’s toilet to make some dough. You’ll think they are Managing Directors of a multinational corporation in Dusseldof. Such is life.
It is during church service on Easter Sunday that the been-tos and the locals alike display whatever they have under their sleeves. The gentlemen are often resplendent in suits and black shining pairs of shoes, and the way they walk can be a clue as to where they are sojourning. With seamen for instance, it can be quite psychedelic. It is a real sight to behold especially if they hail from Kromanti, Moree or Abandze.
With the ladies, the spectacle is breathtaking. It is unbelievable! You can’t comprehend it using the human senses. You have to employ spiritual means. The kaba styles are of different kinds, styles, colour and combination of colours. Some of the styles are complemented with wings and when the lady wearing it is hurrying to “chapel” you’ll think she is actually airborne. She is practically a human vulture.
Then comes the picnic sessions which are normally well-attended by gate crashers, mental patients and political strategists who are also well-versed with what is going on between Kwame Pianim and kukrudu. So they brief their listeners and prophesy the outcome of court cases and election results. In exchange, they are well-fed, well-boozed and all.
But things do not happen only during the day time. At night, the devil usually takes over. Friendships are entered into, old girlfriends are re-baptised and there is love and romance.
By Easter Monday, marriages are broken, new marriages contracted, girlfriends are jilted and pregnancies are on the way awaiting abortion. Every year it happens, and this year it is going to happen again. The death and resurrection of the Lord will really be marked in both righteous and evil ways.
Perhaps, this is not how Judas intended it to be celebrated. Judas was the architect of the Holy Friday coup d’état against the Son of Man.
This article was first published on Saturday March 30, 1996
Features
On Ghanaian migrants in Finland, Ghana’s 69th independence anniversary

The Ghanaian community in Finland on Saturday, March 14, 2026, celebrated Ghana’s 69th independence anniversary in an impressive event in Helsinki, the capital city of Finland.
The event was organised by the Ghana Union Finland (GUF), an association of Ghanaian migrants in Finland. It was an occasion well attended by many people from the Ghanaian community in Finland, Finns and other nationalities.
The occasion was graced by the Special Guest, Her Excellency Abigail Naa Adzoko Kwashi, the Ambassador of Ghana to Norway with concurrent accreditation to Finland and Iceland. In her speech, the Ambassador encouraged Ghanaians living in Finland to pursue unity, actively participate in, and support the Ghana Union Finland to build a stronger body better positioned to advocate for its interests and goals.
Also present at the event was the Honorary Consul of Ghana in Finland, Mrs Kati Kivisaari, who has replaced the retired Ms Ulla Alanko. Mrs Kivisaari urged Ghanaians in Finland to remain good ambassadors of Ghana in their lives in Finland.
The event saw the inauguration of new executive members of the Ghana Union Finland. The team was inducted by Elder Samuel Anini, Patron of the Ghana Union Finland.
Earlier, a “royal entry” was performed by leaders of the Asanteman Finland and Mfantseman Kuw and other personalities in their colourful kente attire adorned with ornaments, amidst traditional music and adowa dance to usher in the Ambassador.
Unity and harmony
I see such events, especially the ones marking independence anniversaries, as ample display of unity and harmony in the Ghanaian migrant community as well as in the larger Ghana and Finland relations.
Some personalities present at the event were Nana Ekuoba Gyasi Gyimah and other leaders of Asanteman Finland, Mfantseman Kuw Finland, as well as representatives of other Ghanaian ethnic groups.
It was a very colourful occasion with dance and other performances such as poetry recitals. The audience was also treated to tasty Ghanaian dishes such as jollof rice, fried yam, and soft drinks.
For me personally, whenever I think about Ghana’s Independence Day anniversary every 6th of March, my mind also goes to Finland’s own day on 6th of December. The two dates always give me such a special, positive feeling. As soon as one of the dates ends, I begin a countdown to the other (next) date.
Last year on December 6, 2025, when Finland celebrated its 108th independence anniversary and I participated in two events marking the celebration in Helsinki, I started looking forward to Ghana’s 69th anniversary this year. Now that Ghana’s anniversary is over, I am looking forward to Finland’s 109th anniversary on December 6, 2026. That’s the beauty of it all for me.
Ensuring integration
What I see in all this, especially for Ghanaian migrants in Finland, is the chance for members of the Ghanaian diaspora in Finland to integrate into the Finnish society through such celebrations that are marked by social activities, affiliations and ideas of inclusion.
Inclusion is key to integration, and the two ideas undoubtedly build a sense of belonging. As I previously wrote, Finland sees the role of migrant associations as bridge-builders for the integration and inclusion of migrants through participation in the decision making process and by acting as a representative voice, which is highly appreciated in Finland.
As I keep pointing out, Finland encourages migrants’ participation in the planning of issues concerning the migrants themselves, using such a strategy as one of the efficient ways to improve their inclusion.
Thus, there is an enabling environment created within the Finnish cultural ecology that undoubtedly helps migrants to integrate into the host Finnish society. Thank you!
By Perpetual Crentsil
News4 days agoAgona West NDC demands unqualified apology from Paul Adom-Otchere over alleged misleading editorial
News1 week agoEid not only moment of celebration but call to sustain values of discipline – President Mahama
Profile2 days agoAziz Adimah raising the bar in International Hockey officiating



