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 The role of employment status, wealth, geographical location in divorce

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Several research findings have identified factors likely to account for divorce. These factors include (but are not limited to):

1. Employment Status and Income Levels of Individuals

Several research on the employ­ment status of married individuals have identified how it influences marital stability. If the husband is employed, the likelihood of the mar­riage ending in divorce is low.

The is because, as the head, he would be in a better position to pro­vide for the family’s needs, strength­ening the family and increasing their standard of living (Lee, unpublished).

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On the contrary, women who are employed are at risk of having a higher divorce rate, particularly when they find themselves in unhap­py marriages.

This is because they can afford to be independent and cater for their children (Becker, Landes & Michael, 1977; Oppenheimer, 1997; Sayer & Bianchi, 2000). Moore’s (1994) argument also supports the fact that women’s divorce risks increase as they find themselves in highly time-demanding occupations outside the home. This is because they might be unable to devote ample time to their spouses and children.

Despite these findings, I know of a good number of women who are doing their best to maintain some balance between their married life and their work. I highly commend such women for their extra efforts on behalf of their families.

2. Wealth

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Research shows that the indi­viduals’ wealth status could either increase or decrease the probability of divorce. Some scholars (Kurderk, 1993 and Rootalu, 2010) indicated that when individuals are more afflu­ent and wealthy, marriage stability is compromised because couples could easily afford the costs involved in the divorce process.

Others also suggest that individ­uals who are not wealthy (especially women) are at lower risk of divorce than more prosperous women (Am­bert, 2002).

3. Geographical Location or Type of Residential Place

Geographic location and its char­acteristics could impact your mar­riage’s stability. Several studies on the location of residence have shown that married couples who live in urban communities are more likely to experience divorce than their rural counterparts (Adegoke, 2010; Adedo­kun, 1998).

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According to Takyi (2001) and Moore (1994), urbanisation under­mines African marriages.

Characteristics dominant in urban communities, such as the preference for conjugal union over the extended family and the increasing number of women in restrictive and time-con­suming employment setups, have been argued to weaken the founda­tion of families and marriages.

This is because the conjugal family type does not allow for the in­volvement of other extended family members except for the immediate family (nuclear family). The immedi­ate family is mainly made up of the married couple and their children; hence, there is less opportunity for the involvement of other members of the other family.

Indeed, it matters a lot how much your in-laws are involved in your marriage (in a healthy way, without much interference).

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Modernisation in Africa is destroy­ing the benefits that could have been derived from couples’ healthy rela­tionships with the extended family.

Oppong (1992) supported this argument that African modernisation has led to the type of urbanisation, encouraging wide separation from extended families. Unfortunately, ur­banisation supports an individualistic living arrangement (devoid of consid­erations for other families).

It is not surprising that a good number of researchers confirm that urban divorce rates exceed rural areas’ rates.

To be continued …

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Source: Excerpts from “PREPAR­ING FOR A HAPPY AND FULFILLING MARRIAGE: Everything You Need to Know Before You Say ‘I Do’” Book by REV. COUNSELOR PRINCE OFFEI (Psychotherapist, Lecturer, and Marriage Therapist). ORDER BOOK NOW: https://selar.co/prepar­ing-for-a-happy-and-fulfilling-mar­riage

https://princeoffei22.wixsite. com/website-psychologist

https://princeoffei22.wixsite. com/website

https://princeoffei22.wixsite. com/author

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COUNSELOR PRINCE & ASSOCI­ATES CONSULT (CPAC COUNSELLOR TRAINING INSTITUTE)

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…Parent tips for managing child behaviour at home

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Raising children is one of the toughest and most fulfilling jobs in the world and the one for which you might feel the least prepared.

Here are some child-rearing tips that can help you feel more fulfilled continued from last week.

3. Set limits and be consistent with your discipline

Discipline is necessary in every household. The goal of discipline is to help children choose acceptable behaviors and learn self-control. They may test the limits established for them, but they need those limits to grow into responsible adults.

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Establishing house rules helps kids understand your expectations and develop self-control. Some rules might include: no TV until homework is done, and no hitting, name-calling, or hurtful teasing allowed.

A common mistake parents make is not following through with consequences. You cannot discipline children for talking back one day and ignore it the next. Being consistent teaches what you expect.

4. Make time for your kids

It is often hard for parents and kids to get together for a family meal, let alone spend quality time together. But there is probably nothing children would like more.

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Get up 10 minutes earlier in the morning so you can eat breakfast with your child or leave the dishes in the sink and take a walk after dinner children who are not getting the attention they want from their parents often act out or misbehave because they are sure to be noticed that way.

5. Be a good role model

Young children learn a lot about how to act by watching their parents. The younger they are, the more cues they take from you. Before you lash out or blow your top in front of your child, think about this: Is that how you want your child to behave when angry? Be aware that you are constantly being watched by your kids. Studies have shown that children who hit usually have a role model for aggression at home.

Model the traits you wish to see in your children: respect, friendliness, honesty, kindness, tolerance. Exhibit unselfish behaviour. Do things for other people without expecting a reward. Express thanks and offer compliments. Above all, treat your kids the way you expect other people to treat you.

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6. Make communication a priority

You cannot expect children to do everything simply because you, as a parent, “say so.” They want and deserve explanations as much as adults do. If we do not take time to explain, children will begin to wonder about our values and motives and whether they have any basis. Parents who reason with their kids allow them to understand and learn in a nonjudgmental way.

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Beyond the vibes: How excessive partying, socialising can break a home

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Weekly clubbing, bottles, fuel, and contributions drain family budgets

Friendship is a gift. Laughter with friends, weekend “vibes,” and social connections keep us human. But what happens when the club, the chop bar, the “girls’ night,” or the “boys’ hangout” becomes more important than the home you promised to build?

As a marriage counsellor, I meet couples who do not fight about money or in-laws. They fight about time. One partner says, “You’re always out.” The other says, “You’re just boring and controlling.” Behind those words is a painful truth: Excessive partying and socialising can become emotional infidelity — not with a person, but with a lifestyle.

Research from the Journal of Marriage and Family shows that couples who spend less than five hours of focused time together weekly report higher dissatisfaction, lower intimacy, and increased risk of separation. The issue is not social life. The issue is imbalance.

This article is for every husband, wife, fiancé, and fiancée who feels lonely in a marriage full of people. Beyond the vibes is a home that needs you.

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7 ways excessive partying and socialising break a marriage

1. Emotional neglect becomes normal

Marriage thrives on daily connection — a 10-minute talk, shared meals, checking in after a hard day. When one partner is always out, the other learns to stop sharing. Over time, “How was your day?” feels pointless because the answer is always, “You weren’t there.”

Emotional neglect is silent, but it kills intimacy faster than shouting.

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2. Trust erodes in the absence

Constant nights out, unanswered calls, “I forgot my phone,” and coming home late create suspicion. Even if there is no cheating, the marriage becomes policed by fear. The sober spouse starts checking phones, counting money, and living with anxiety. Trust grows in presence, not absence.

3. Parenting becomes one-person work

When one partner is always socialising, childcare, homework, and bedtime stories fall on one person. Resentment grows: “I’m married, but I’m parenting alone.” Children also notice which parent is absent. They learn that home is not the priority.

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4. Financial strain and broken priorities

Weekly clubbing, bottles, fuel, and “contributions” drain family budgets. School fees are delayed, rent is late, but there’s always money for “vibes.” This creates a second crisis: financial conflict. The message sent is, “Friends get my best money; family gets my leftovers.”

5. Intimacy and sex life die

You cannot build romance in 10 minutes before sleep. Excessive nights out mean couples stop touching, talking deeply, and laughing together. The bedroom becomes cold. Over time, couples become roommates who share a surname but not a life.

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6. “We” becomes “me”

Marriage is a team. But when decisions, weekends, and identity are centered on friends, the marriage loses its “we.” The social partner says, “My boys are planning a trip,” not “Let’s plan as a family.” The other spouse feels like an outsider in their own home.

7. Mental health declines for both partners The partner at home feels abandoned, depressed, and less valuable. The partner always out feels guilty, defensive, and addicted to external validation. Both end up emotionally exhausted. Studies show that social isolation within marriage increases depression risk for both spouses, even when one is socially overactive

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