The Denu Circuit Court has sentenced Amos Kojo Andrews, also known as “Adebayo”, a 40-year-old Ghanaian driver, to five years’ imprisonment for his involvement in human trafficking-related offences. 

The court imposed five years’ imprisonment on each of the six counts against Andrews, with the sentences ordered to run concurrently, resulting in an effective prison term of five years. 

Court records indicate that Andrews was to be transferred to the Ho Central Prison to serve his sentence. 

The six counts comprised three counts of conspiracy to commit human trafficking, contrary to Section 23(1) of the Criminal Offences Act, 1960 (Act 29), and three counts of human trafficking, contrary to Sections 2(1) and 2(2) of the Human Trafficking Act, 2005 (Act 694), as amended by Section 1(1) of the Human Trafficking (Amendment) Act, 2009 (Act 784). 

The case followed investigations into the recruitment and movement of Nigerian females through Ghana under deceptive promises of employment. 

According to the case brief, one of the victims was transported from Nigeria to Ghana after arrangements were made for her journey and was later moved towards the Ghana-Côte d’Ivoire border. 

During the journey, she was informed that the intended work involved prostitution. She resisted the arrangement and was subsequently returned to Elubo. 

Investigators said Andrews later arranged temporary work for the victim while seeking to recover transportation expenses from her earnings. 

The case came to the attention of the authorities after a passenger overheard a suspicious telephone conversation concerning arrangements to move the victim back to Aflao and alerted security officials. 

Andrews was subsequently arrested when he went to receive the victim at the Aflao station. 

During follow-up investigations, a joint team from the Anti-Human Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons Unit of the Ghana Immigration Service, Aflao Sector Command, and the National Intelligence Bureau searched Andrews’ residence and rescued another Nigerian female. 

Investigators said the second victim had also been recruited on the promise of work abroad but was later informed that she would be sent for prostitution in Abidjan. 

The court, in delivering its judgment, held that the prosecution had presented overwhelming evidence and successfully established the elements required to prove both human trafficking and conspiracy to commit human trafficking. 

It further found that the defence had failed to displace the prosecution’s evidence, which was marked by admissions and inconsistencies. 

Speaking to the Ghana News Agency (GNA), Deputy Commissioner of Immigration (DCOI) Mark Asamoah-Boakye urged the public to remain vigilant and report suspicious activities that could lead to the identification, arrest and prosecution of persons involved in bringing unsuspecting victims into the country. 

He said the Ghana Immigration Service remained committed to securing the country’s borders and protecting individuals who were lured with promises of employment but subsequently found themselves in situations that undermined their dignity. 

DCOI Asamoah-Boakye said public cooperation was important in helping security agencies identify suspected trafficking activities and protect potential victims. -GNA

The root causes: It is never just one reason

My years of counselling at CPAC show me abandonment is rarely an act of malice. It is the tragic endpoint of seven overwhelming distresses:

Psychology

1. Severe maternal mental illness —The hidden emergency

a) Clinical Postpartum Depression (PPD): This is far beyond “baby blues.” It is a severe mood disorder that can appear weeks to months after birth. Due to a massive drop in hormones, extreme sleep deprivation, and emotional exhaustion, the mother feels deep sadness, worthlessness, and complete emotional numbness towards her baby. Picture: A new mother sits by her bed all day, staring blankly. Her baby cries for hours, but she cannot lift her hands to carry the baby. She whispers, “This baby would be better off without me.” She does not hate the baby; she feels she has completely failed as a mother.

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b) Peripartum Psychosis (Postpartum Psychosis): This is a psychiatric emergency. Rare but extremely dangerous, appearing suddenly within the first 2-3 weeks after delivery. The mother completely loses touch with reality. She hears commanding voices telling her to abandon the baby, or believes the baby is possessed by an evil spirit or is a “spirit child” who will bring a curse. Picture: A mother genuinely believes she heard a voice saying, “Leave this child at the crossroads at midnight or your family will die.” She abandons the baby not out of hatred, but because her broken mind believes she is obeying a higher spiritual order to save her family.

c) Pre-existing untreated Schizophrenia: This is a chronic, severe mental disorder that existed before the pregnancy. The stress of pregnancy and labour shatters her fragile coping. She suffers from paranoid delusions — believing people want to poison her and the baby — flat affect (zero facial expression), and grossly disorganised thinking, making it impossible to plan how to feed or clean a baby. Picture: A young woman whose family called her illness “spiritual attack” instead of taking her for medication wanders away after delivery, completely forgetting she even gave birth, leaving the infant behind.

2. Extreme socio-economic deprivation: For many girls in some parts of Ghana such as Kasoa, Madina, or Bekwai, poverty is not a statistic; it is a daily panic. No money for antenatal care, no money for hospital delivery, no money for baby diapers or formula. When a mother cannot feed herself, the thought of feeding another mouth feels impossible. Some mothers say, “I left her where someone richer would find her, because I could not watch her starve to death in my hands.” It is a distorted act of survival.

Geographic Reference

3. Intense societal stigma and shame: In Ghana, pregnancy outside marriage, teenage pregnancy, or pregnancy from rape can bring extreme family rejection. The girl is called “spoilt,” beaten, banned from church, or sacked from school. The fear of bringing shame to the family name is heavier than the fear of police. So she hides the pregnancy for 9 months, delivers alone, and abandons in secret to protect her family’s “honour.”

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4. Paternal abandonment — The Man Who Ran Away: Behind almost every abandoned baby is a man who vanished. He says, “It is not mine,” or “Abort it,” and switches off his phone. The mother is left utterly isolated — no emotional, financial, or social support. She is criminalised alone, but the abandonment started with him. Psychological research shows paternal denial is one of the strongest predictors of maternal panic and newborn abandonment. 

5. Substance abuse disorders: Alcohol, tramadol, and other drug addiction impair the brain’s executive functioning — the ability to plan, judge consequences, and process emotions. A mother struggling with addiction may give birth in a highly intoxicated or withdrawal state, unable to comprehend the needs of the newborn, leading to neglect and eventual abandonment.

6. The spirit child cultural phenomenon and superstition: In some remote pockets of Northern Ghana and even in few parts of Central and Ashanti regions, public health research shows babies born with congenital deformities, severe disabilities, or whose mothers die in childbirth are branded as “spirit children” or cursed. In extreme instances, families, under cultural pressure, mandate that such babies be exposed or abandoned at shrines or bushes. This is not mental illness, but a harmful cultural belief system that still kills.

The invisible wounds

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On the baby: Risk of death from hypothermia, sepsis, and infection. Survivors suffer Anaclitic Depression and Failure to Thrive due to lack of touch. As adults, they battle Reactive Attachment Disorder, chronic mistrust, and identity crisis — “Why did my mother leave me in a dustbin?”

Babies & Toddlers

On the mother: Lifelong hidden grief, intense guilt, chronic PTSD, depression, and elevated suicide risk. A prison cell does not heal this.

On the nation: Overburdened orphanages like Osu Children’s Home, draining health budgets, and overworked Social Welfare officers.

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