Traction Alopecia: Understanding and addressing hair loss

TRACTION alopecia is a common form of hair loss affecting millions worldwide, particularly individuals of African descent. It is characterised by gradual hair thinning and loss, often caused by prolonged tension or pulling on hair follicles due to certain hairstyles and hair care practices.

Causes of traction alopecia

1. Tight Hairstyles: Hairstyles like braids, ponytails, and wigs can cause tension on hair follicles, leading to hair loss. A study found that 98 per cent of Nigerian women experienced hair loss due to tight hairstyles.
2. Hair Extensions and Weaves: Improper application and removal of hair extensions and weaves can damage hair follicles, contributing to traction alopecia.
3. Chemical Hair Treatment: Harsh chemicals used in hair treatments can weaken hair, increasing the risk of breakage and hair loss.
4. Poor Hair Care Practices: Excessive heat styling, inadequate moisturising, and rough handling of hair can contribute to hair loss.

Pathophysiology

Traction alopecia involves mechanical stress on hair follicles, disrupting normal hair growth cycles. Prolonged tension leads to inflammation, follicular damage, and eventual hair loss.

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

• Symptoms: Hair thinning, particularly along the hairline or braided areas; broken hairs; scalp tenderness.
• Diagnosis: Clinical examination and patient history assessment.

Prevention and Treatment

1. Hairstyle Modifications: Opt for looser hairstyles that reduce tension on hair follicles.
2. Proper Hair Care: Use gentle hair products, minimise heat styling, and moisturise hair regularly.
3. Professional Guidance: Consult dermatologists or trichologists for personalised advice on managing traction alopecia.

Complications and Prognosis

Untreated traction alopecia can lead to permanent hair loss and scarring. Early intervention improves treatment outcomes.

Public Health Implications

Traction alopecia significantly impacts quality of life, particularly for individuals with cultural or social ties to certain hairstyles. Raising awareness and promoting preventive measures can reduce prevalence.

In conclusion, traction alopecia is a preventable and treatable form of hair loss. By understanding its causes, recognising symptoms early, and adopting healthier hair care practices, individuals can reduce their risk and promote hair health.

By Robert Ekow Grimmond-Thompson

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